1130 ASARACEAE 
FAMILY 2. MORINACEAE Dumort. TEASEL FAMILY. 
Annual or perennial, sometimes prickly herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaves 
opposite or rarely whorled: blades entire, toothed or dissected. Flowers per- 
fect, each with an involucel, commonly numerous, crowded on a common re- 
ceptacle which is subtended by an involucre. Calyx entire and cup-like, or of 
several bristles. Corolla gamopetalous : tube enlarged upward : limb with 2-5 
imbricated lobes. Androecium of 2-4 stamens, adnate to the upper part of 
the corolla tube: filaments distinct, often inflexed : anthers versatile, opening 
lengthwise, separate. Gynoecium a single carpel. Ovary inferior, 1-celled : 
style elongated, entire: stigmas globose to elongated, terminal or lateral. 
Ovule solitary, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit an achene surrounded by the ac- 
crescent involucre and crowned with the persistent calyx. Seed with a membra- - 
nous testa. Embryo straight in the fleshy endosperm. [Dipsacaceae Lindl.] 
1. DÍPSACUS L. 
Coarse or prickly biennial or perennial herbs, with channeled stems. Leaves opposite : 
blades often connate, coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, the nerves often prickly beneath. 
Involucral bracts and scales of the receptacle rigid. Flowers in terminal globose or ob- 
long heads. Involuere calyx-like, inclosing the ovary. Calyx a cup-shaped, or 4-lobed 
limb. Corolla tubular-funnelform, 4-lobed, often slightly irregular, blue or white. Stamens 
4. Style filiform: stigma oblique or lateral. Achene 8-ribbed, enclosed in, and more or 
less adnate to the involucre, its pericarp thin, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb. 
1. Dipsacus sylvéstris Huds. Biennial, coarse, dark green, armed with short 
prickles. Stem erect, 1-2.5 m. tall, channeled, often sparingly branched, the branches 
ascending : basal leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, crenate-serrate, sessile, 2-4 dm. long ; stem- 
leaves lanceolate, acutish, entire, often with a few prickles on the margin, more or less 
clasping, the midrib large and prominent beneath, flat and white above: heads ovoid, 5-6 
cm. long, subtended by linear-lanceolate rough involucral bracts: calyx fully 1 mm. high, 
green, cup-shaped, 4-sided, pubescent, ciliate : corolla 11-13 mm. long ; tube white, puber- 
ulent ; lobes 4, lilac, broadly ovate, converging, obtuse, many times shorter than the tube: 
stamens exserted. 
Adventive or naturalized in waste places or fields. Native of Europe. Summer. WILD TEASEL. 
Order 12. ARISTOLOCHIALES. 
Herbs or vines, often with woody stems. Leaves alternate, sometimes all 
basal: blades mostly cordate or hastate. Flowers perfect, often conspicuous. 
Hypanthium present, mostly adnate to the ovary. Calyx present, regular or 
exceedingly irregular. Corolla wanting or rudimentary. Androecium of as 
many stamens as there are calyx-lobes, or more. Gynoecium of usually 6 
united carpels. Ovary inferior or rarely superior. Fruit a capsule. Endo- 
sperm present, 
FAMILY 1. ASARACEAE Link. BIRTHWORT FAMILY. 
Perennial, sometimes acaulescent, herbs or woody vines, often with a ginger- 
aromatic or ill-smelling property. Leaves alternate, without stipules: blades 
various, often lobed, usually cordate. Flowers perfect, regular or very irreg- 
ular, variable in size, solitary, or in cymes or racemes. Calyx usually colored : 
tube sometimes bent and inflated. Calyx various, of 3 distinct or united sepals. 
Androecium of 6-many stamens. Filaments inserted in 1-2 series, free from 
or adnate to the ovary or style-column. Disk wanting. Gynoecium a single 
pistil. Ovary 4-6-celled, inferior or superior. Styles commonly united. Ovules 
numerous in each cavity, anatropous, horizontal or pendulous. Fruit mostly 1 
6-celled capsule. Seeds usually numerous, with a crustaceous, smooth, NH 
or granular testa. Endosperm fleshy. Embryo in the endosperm near = 
hilum. [Aristolochiaceae Blume. | 
