ASARACEAE 1131 
Acaulescent herbs: calyx regular, persistent: capsule fleshy. 
Ovary superior: filaments shorter than the anthers: styles distinct: leaves persistent. 
1. HEXASTYLIS. 
Ovary inferior: filaments longer than the anthers: styles united : leavesdeciduous. 2. ASARUM. 
Caulescent herbs or vines: calyx irregular, deciduous: capsule dry. 8. ARISTOLOCHIA. 
1. HEXASTYLIS Raf. 
Perennial evergreen, acaulescent gingerous-aromatic herbs, with branching rootstocks 
and thick fleshy roots. Leaves usually 1 every year: blades leathery, varying from subor- 
bicular to triangular, entire or crenulate, cordate, often mottled. Flowers solitary on pedi- 
cels, axillary to a bract. Hypanthium glabrous without, turbinate, campanulate or urn- 
shaped, terete. Sepals 3, persistent, valvate. Stamens 12: filaments shorter than the 
anthers or wanting. Ovary 6-celled, mainly free. Styles 6, distinct, prolonged beyond 
the extrorse stigmas, the tips 2-cleft. Ovules numerous, horizontal or pendulous. Cap- 
sule 6-celled, leathery, enveloped in the hypanthium. Seeds flattened. WILD GINGER. 
Leaf-blades mostly of an ovate or suborbicular type. 
Hypanthium turbinate, at least during anthesis. 1. H. heterophylla. 
Hypanthium campanulate, cylindric-campanulate or urn-shaped. 
lowers 2.5-5 cm. long. 2. H. Shuttleworthii. 
Flowers 1-2.5 cm. long. 
Hypanthium campanulate at maturity : sepals about 14 as long as the hy- 
panthium. 3. H. Virginica. 
Hypanthium urn-shaped at maturity: sepals barely 14 as long as the hy- 
panthium. 
Leaf-blades entire: flowers 1-1.5 cm. long. 4. H. Memmingeri. 
Leaf-blades erose-crenulate: flowers 1.5-2.5 em, long. 5. H. callifolia, 
Leaf-blades mostly of a hastate type. X art 
Hypanthium constricted at the throat: sepals spreading. 6. H. arifolia. 
Hypanthium not constricted at the throat: sepals erect. 7. H. Ruthii. 
1. Hexastylis heterophylla (Ashe.) Small. Leaf-blades orbicular-reniform or 
triangular-ovate, 5-10 cm. long, acute, or sometimes rounded or retuse at the apex, with a 
slightly open sinus: petioles as long as the blades or twice as long: flowers 1-1.5 cm. long: 
hypanthium turbinate, at least during anthesis: sepals 8-12 mm. broad, often nearly as 
long as the hypanthium, crisped, orange, purple or brown-purple without, lighter within : 
prolongations of the styles very short, barely notched: capsule hardly distending the 
hypanthium at maturity : seeds oval. 
In mountain woods, Virginia and West Virginia, south to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
2. Hexastylis Shuttlewórthii (J. Britten) Small. Leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular 
or rhombic-orbicular, 5-8 cm. long, apiculate or obtuse, with an open or closed sinus: 
petioles as long as the blades or much longer: flowers 2.5-5 cm. long: hypanthium 
cylindric-campanulate: sepals 1.5-2 cm. broad, often abruptly acute, mottled within: 
pedicel shorter than the diameter of the flower: prolongations of the style stout, barely 
pate at the apex: capsule hardly distending the hypanthium : seeds triangular in out- 
ine. 
In high-mountain woods, Virginia to Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama, Spring and summer. 
3. Hexastylis Virginica (L.) Small. Leaf-blades ovate or rarely orbicular-ovate, 
4-9 cm. long, mostly obtuse or retuse, usually with an open sinus: petioles as long as the 
blades or twice as long: flowers 1.5-2 cm. long: hypanthium campanulate : sepals less 
than 1 em. broad, barely } as long as the hypanthium, spreading, usually purplish and 
sometimes mottled within: pedicel about as long as the flower: prolongations of the style, 
stout, barely notched : capsule only slightly distending the hypanthium : seeds oblong. 
[Asarum Virginicum L.] 
In woods, Virginia and West Virginia, south to South Carolina and Tennessee. Spring. 
4. Hexastylis Memmingeri (Ashe) Small. Leaf-blades suborbicular to ovate, 4-7 
em. long, mostly obtuse or retuse, sometimes mottled, with a slightly open sinus: petioles 
about as long as the blades or much longer: flowers 1-1.5 cm. long, urn-shaped : 
hypanthium more or less constricted at the throat: sepals rarely over 3 mm. long, ob- 
tuse: pedicel as long as the flowers or shorter: prolongations of the styles slender, 
usually deeply cleft: capsule conspicuously distending the hypanthium: seeds sharply 
triangular. 
In sandy woods, Virginia and West Virginia to Georgia. Spring and early summer. 
5. Hexastylis callifdlia Small. Leaf-blades ovate, 5-9 cm. long, obtuse or some- 
times acutish, finely undulate or crenulate, rarely mottled, deeply cordate at the base: 
petioles 2-3 times longer than the blades, sparingly pubescent: bracts reniform, ciliate : 
pedicel as long as the flower, or much shorter: flower urn-shaped, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, dark 
