CAMPANULACEAE 1141 
sparingly branched above: leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate or the lower 
ones narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, acute, distinctly serrate, more or less 
revolute, sessile or nearly so: buds drooping: hypanthium turbinate-campanulate : sepals 
linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long, several times longer than the hypanthium, acute, usually 
2-toothed near the base: corolla blue or pale-purple, short-campanulate, about as long as 
the sepals; lobes longer than the tube, ovate-lanceolate : capsules obovoid, 4 mm. long, 
crowned by the spreading or recurved sepals: seeds oblong, about 0.5 mm. long, rugose. 
In grassy swamps, eastern and peninsular Florida. Spring and summer. 
4. Campanula flexudsa Michx. Perennial, slender, glabrous or nearly so. Stems 
solitary or tufted, 2-10 dm. long, erect or ascending, usually paniculately branched, more 
or less flexuous: leaf-blades thinnish, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly 
elliptic or nearly linear, 2-12 cm. long, acuminate, usually coarsely serrate with flaring 
teeth except near the base, narrowed into short petioles or nearly sessile: flowers drooping : 
hypanthium campanulate : sepals subulate, about as long as the hypanthium : corolla pale- 
blue or white, campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, its triangular or triangular-ovate lobes much 
shorter than the tube: capsules turbinate-campanulate, about 5 mm. long, ribbed : seeds 
narrowly oblong, a little more than 1 mm. long, slightly wrinkled. [C. divaricata Michx.] 
Chiefly in crevices of rocks, Virginia to West Virginia, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
2. CAMPANULASTRUM Small. 
Annual or sometimes biennial herbs, with upright stems. Leaves alternate: blades 
flat, toothed, more or less abruptly narrowed into petioles. Flowers perfect, all com- 
plete, centripetally arranged in spikes.  Hypanthium turbinate, elongating in age. 
Sepals 5, slender. Corolla rotate, showy, each lobe terminating in a thickened tip. 
Stamens 5, exserted: filaments filiform, somewhat declined: anthers narrow. Ovary in- 
ferior, 3-celled : styles united, upwardly curved, and declined : stigmas 3. Ovules several. 
Capsule of a clavate type, erect, sessile, with valvular openings near the top. 
1. Campanulastrum Americanum (L.) Small. Annual or biennial, coarsely pilose 
or nearly glabrous. Stems erect, 2-20 dm. tall, sometimes much branched, angled : leaf- 
blades thin, the lower ones orbicular or ovate, on petioles about 3 as long as the blades; 
the upper ones usually lanceolate, narrowed at the base, short-petioled or nearly sessile, all 
serrate, acuminate: spikes 1-8 dm. long, interrupted: hypanthium tubular-turbinate: 
sepals linear-subulate, 6-10 mm. long, much longer than the hypanthium, acuminate: 
corolla blue or white, rotate, 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm. 
long, surpassing the sepals: style declined: capsules turbinate-clavate, 8-10 mm. long, 
sessile: seeds almost oblong, 1 mm. long, nearly smooth. [Campanula Americana L.] 
On shaded hillsides, New Brunswick to South Dakota, Georgia, Kansas and Arkansas. Summer. 
3. SPECULARIA Heist. 
Annual or biennial herbs. Stems upright, angled. Leaves alternate : blades sessile 
or clasping, commonly toothed. Flowers dimorphous ; earlier ones close-fertilized in the 
bud, with a calyx usually of 3 or 4 sepals and an undeveloped corolla ; later flowers with a 
calyx of 5 sepals and a rotate or nearly rotate corolla. Stamens 5: filaments distinct : 
anthers linear. Ovary 3-celled: stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic or cylindric to narrowly 
obconic, opening mainly by valves near the top or the middle. VENUS LOOKING-GLASS. 
Capsules less than 1 em. long: sepals of the corolliferous flowers triangular to lanceolate. 
Tanibiades clasping, fully as broad as long or nearly so: valves near the middle of the capsule. 
1. S. perfoliata. 
Leaf-blades sessile, longer than broad: valves at the top of the capsule. 2. S. biflora. 
Capsules over 1 cm. long: sepals linear to subulate. 
wer flowers with 3 sepals : seeds oblong-lenticular. 3. S. leptocarpa. . 
Lower flowers with 5 sepals : seeds globose-lenticular. 4. S. Coloradoensis. 
1l. Specularia perfoliàta (L.) A. DC. Annual, commonly stoutish, more or less hir- 
sute or hispid or rarely glabrate. Stems erect, 1-5 dm. tall, simple or often branched, 
usually slightly prickly on the angles: leaf-blades suborbicular or triangular-cordate, 1-2 
cm. broad, crenate or crenate-serrate, clasping : flowers 1 or several, in each axil, sessile : 
calyx of the apetalous flower of 3—4 ovate or ovate-lanceolate sepals which are usually 
shorter than the hypanthium, that of the corolliferous flower with 5 lanceolate sepals which 
are usually as long or longer than the hypanthium: corolla blue, 1-1.5 cm. broad : capsules 
oblong-prismatic or obconic, 5-6 mm. long: seeds globose-lenticular, about 0.5 mm. long, 
dark, nearly smooth. 
In fields and on hillsides, Ontario to British Columbia, Florida and Mexico. Spring to fall. 
