CARDUACEAE 1161 
tire, erect or ascending, slightly revolute: involucres campanulate, about 5 mm. high ; 
bracts oblong to linear-oblong, acute or apiculate, slightly pubescent: achenes 2.5 mm. 
long, with pubescent ribs: pappusstraw-colored, slightly roughened.  [ V. angustifolia var. 
pumila Chapm. ] 
In sand, southern peninsular Florida and Key West. 
23. Vernonia Lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray. Foliage lanose-tomentose. Stems 
2-10 dm. tall, often branched above: leaves numerous; blades narrowly linear, 4-12 cm. 
long, acute, revolute, often glabrate above: peduncles club-shaped : involucres campanu- 
late, 5-7 mm. high, densely white-lanose ; bracts mostly oblong, obtuse, commonly gland- 
tipped: achenes 3 mm. long, glabrous: pappus purplish. 
In dry soil, Texas. 
24. Vernonia oligophylla Michx. Foliage minutely pubescent. Stems scape-like, 
2-7 dm. tall: leaves mainly basal; blades elliptie, oblong, oblanceolate or spatulate, 
mainly 1-3 dm. long, obtuse or acutish, serrate or dentate, sometimes doubly so: peduncles 
sometimes slightly club-shaped : involucres campanulate, 7-8 mm. high ; bracts linear to 
linear-lanceolate, narrowed into subulate tips: achenes 3 mm. long, barbed upward in the 
ribs: pappus pale straw-colored. 
In dry soil, North Carolina to Florida. 
2. BELEPHÁNTOPUS L. 
Perennial caulescent or scapose herbs, with short rootstocks. Leaves alternate : blades 
mostly broadened upward, shallowly toothed. Heads 2-5-flowered, discoid, glomerate at 
the ends of the corymbosely disposed branches, the glomerules subtended by 2-3 small 
foliaceous bracts. Involucres flattened: bracts chaffy, in 2 series, the outer bracts shorter 
than the inner. Receptacle naked. Corolla regular except for a deeper cleft on the inner 
side. Stigmas pubescent. Achenes truncate, 10-ribbed. Pappus single or double, of several 
rigid persistent bristles terminating scale-like bases. The plants of the several species 
bloom in the summer and fall. 
Leaves mainly cauline. 1. E. Carolinianus. 
Leaves mainly or all basal. 
Larger leaf-blades over 3 times, sometimes 9 times, longer than broad. 
Stems with spreading rather than appressed hairs: leaf-blades closely and 
softly pubescent: scale-like base of the pappus gradually narrowed into 
the tip. 
Stems wih appressed rather than spreading hairs: leaf-blades glabrate or 
sparingly pubescent: scale-like base of the pappus abruptly narrowed 
into the tip. 3. E. nudatus. 
Pp 
Larger leaf-blades less than 3 times as long as broad. 4. E. tomentosus. 
1. Elephantopus Carolinianus Willd. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, leafy, branching above, 
rather hirsute. Leaves mainly cauline ; blades thinnish, oblong, elliptic or oval, 5-15 cm. 
long, crenate-serrate or repand, the lower ones narrowed into margined petioles: bracts 
subtending the glomerules ovate to oblong-lanceolate, truncate or cordate, 1-3 cm. long: 
bracts of the involucres chaffy, 1 cm. long, or shorter, acute or acuminate: achenes 3.5-4 
mm. long. " 
In woods, Pennsylvania to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. 
t*»:2. Elephantopus elàtus Bertol. Stems scape-like, 7-10 dm. tall, often nearly simple, 
with the hairs mainly spreading. Leaves mainly basal; blades 2-2.5 dm. long or some of 
them shorter, spatulate or the upper ones oblong, all crenate-serrate, conspicuously ciliate : 
peduncles densely silky-hirsute: bracts subtending the glomerules ovate or triangular- 
ovate, 1-1.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, densely pubescent: corollas 2.5-3 mm. 
long: pappus-bristles hair-like from a very narrow base. 
In dry soil, Georgia to Arkansas. 
3. Elephantopus nudàtus A. Gray. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, scape-like, strigose, or 
sometimes slightly hirsute at the base, forking above. Leaves mainly basal; blades ob- 
lanceolate to spatulate or oblong, 0.5-3 dm. long, undulate or crenate-undulate: bracts 
subtending the glomerules ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1-2 cm. long, 
delicately reticulated, rounded or cordate and pubescent at the base : achenes 3 mm. long: 
pappus-scales deltoid, shorter than the breadth of the achenes. 
In sandy soil, Delaware to Florida, Arkansas and Louisiana. 
4. Elephantopus tomentósus L. Stems scape-like, 2-7 dm. tall, forking above, 
rather hirsute above the base. Leaves mainly basal; blades oblong, oval or oblong- 
oblanceolate, 0.5-2 dm. long, obtuse, crenate-serrate: bracts subtending the glomerules 
ovate, 1-2 cm. long, revolute, coarsely reticulated without, rounded or cordate at the 
2. E. elatus. 
