CARDUACEAE 1169 
ate-serrate, at least beyond the more or less cuneate connate-clasping bases: heads numer- 
ous: involucres campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. high; bracts mainly oblong, obtusish: corolla 
white: achenes 1.5 mm. long. 
In low grounds, Missouri to Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
34. Eupatorium perfoliàtum L. Tomentulose above. Stems 3-10 dm. tall: leaves 
opposite ; blades connate-perfoliate, lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long, acuminate, finely crenate- 
serrate : heads numerous: involucres narrowly campanulate, 6-7 mm. high, usually 10- 
flowered ; bracts linear-lanceolate, scarious and acuminate at the apex : corollas white, pink 
or rarely blue: achenes 1.5-2 mm. long. 
In low grounds, New Brunswick to North Dakota, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. A state 
with leaf-blades truncate at the base, is E. perfoliatum truncátum A. Gray. BONESET. 
35. Eupatorium maculàtum L. Foliage more or less pubescent, scabrous. Stems 
0.5-2 m. tall, spotted with purple: leaves in whorls of 3-5; blades firm, ovate to ovate- 
lanceolate, 0.5-2 dm. long, coarsely toothed : corymbs flat-topped : involucres 7-8.5 mm. 
high, the outer bracts obtuse, pubescent : corollas pink or purple. 
In moist soil or swamps, New York to British Columbia, south to Georgia, Kansas and New Mex- 
ico. Summer and fall. JoE-PYE WEED. 
36. Eupatorium trifoliàtum L. Foliage glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Stems 
1-2 m. tall, often purple: leaves in whorls of 3-6; blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceo- 
late, 1.5-2 dm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate : corymbs pyramidal: involucres 6-7 mm. 
high, the outer bracts obtuse, puberulent: corollas similar to those of the next preceding 
species. 
In moist soil, New York to Wisconsin, Georgia and Mississippi. Summer and fall. JoE-PYE WEED. 
37. Eupatorium purpüreum L. Foliage glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Stems 
1-3 m. tall, green or purple: leaves in whorls of 3-6; blades narrowly oblong, ovate- 
lanceolate, oval or ovate, 1-3 dm. long, acuminate, serrate, sometimes pubescent on the 
nerves beneath : corymbs more or less elongated, round-topped: involucres 5.5-6.5 mm. 
high, the outer bracts acutish : corollas pink or purple, or rarely white. 
In moist soil or thickets, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida and Texas. JoE-PYE WEED. 
11. CONOCLINUM DC. 
Perennial caulescent branching herbs. Leaves opposite: blades broadest below the 
middle, often toothed or parted. Heads in corymbose clusters. Involucres campanulate 
or hemispheric, several-flowered. Receptacle conic or hemispheric, naked. Corollas blue, 
violet or rarely white, regular. Achenes narrow, 5-angled, truncate. Pappus of few hair- 
like bristles in one series. MIsT-FLOWER. 
Leaf-blades palmately 3-5-cleft, or 3-5-parted. 1. C. Greggii. 
Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed. 
Larger leaf-blades about as broad as long. 2. C. dichotomum, 
Larger leaf-blades about twice as long as broad. A 
Stems or branches regularly leafy to the inflorescence. 3. C. coclestinum. 
Stems or branches peduncle-like above. i 
Leaf-blades manifestly toothed, cordate or subcordate at the base. 4. C. betonicum. 
Leaf-blades entire or essentially so, cuneate or truncate-cuneate at the base. 5. C. integrifolium. 
1. Conoclinum Gréggii (A. Gray) Small. Finely pubescent. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, 
each peduncle-like branch topped: by a compact or rarely open cyme: leaf-blades 2-6 cm. 
long, palmately 3-5-cleft or 3-5-parted, the lobes narrow, often again lobed: heads usually 
crowded : involucres 4-5 mm. high ; bracts thin and pliable, very narrowly linear, acumi- 
nate, finely pubescent: corollas blue-purple. [Eupatorium Greggu A. Gray. ] 
In low grounds, southern Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. 
2. Conoclinum dichótomum Chapm. Pubescent above with spreading hairs. Stems 
erect or reclining, 3-9 dm. long, loosely forking : leaf-blades ovate, 1-4 cm. long, acutish, 
shallowly crenate, broadly cordate at the base: heads few, not crowded: involucres 3-4 
mm. high ; bracts rigid, linear-subulate, acute, pubescent : corollas blue. 
In sand, peninsular Florida. 
3. Conoclinum coelestinum (L.) DC. Pubescent with appressed hairs. Stems 2-9 
dm. tall, branching especially above : leaf-blades ovate to deltoid-ovate, or rarely triangu- 
lar-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, obtusé, crenate to serrate-crenate, abruptly narrowed or sub- 
cordate at the base: involucres 3 mm. high; bracts linear-subulate, acute, pubescent : 
receptacle obtusely conic: corollas blue. [Eupatorium coelestinum L. } 
In shaded ground, New Jersey to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
4. Conoclinum betónicum DC. Pubescent with more or less spreading hairs. Stems 
3-6 dm. long, ascending or spreading, the peduncle-like branches terminating in often con- 
