CARDUACEAE Le Wik 
2. Trilisa odoratíssima (Walt. ) Cass. Stems glabrous, 5-12 dm. tall, corymbosely 
branched above. Basal leaves 5-20 cm. long; blades spatulate, oblong or elliptic ; upper 
stem-leaves with oblong-oval or ovate entire or irregularly toothed, sessile or partly clasp- 
ing blades : involueres 3-4.5 mm. high ; bracts linear to oblong and obtuse, or the inner 
linear-cuneate and acute: achenes 2 mm. long, glandular. 
In dry or wet pine woods, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. VANILLA-PLANT. 
14. CARPHOCHAETE A. Gray. 
Perennial herbs or shrubby plants, with glabrous or glabrate foliage. Leaves opposite : 
blades narrow, leathery, sessile. Heads discoid, solitary or terminating leafy branches: 
involucres narrowly cylindric, 4-6-flowered': bracts few, in few series, acuminate, succes- 
sively longer. Receptacle naked. Corollas regular, slender. Anthers often with a cleft 
appendage at the apex. Stigmas filiform, rather obtuse. Achenes elongated, 10-striate. 
Pappus of several linear-subulate erose-denticulate scarious scales, with the midnerve pro- 
longed into a barbellulate awn. 
1. Carphochaete Bigelovii A. Gray. Woody at the base, puberulent above. Stems 
tufted, 1-4 dm. tall, branching: leaves numerous; blades oblong-spatulate to oblong or 
linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, or those clustered in the axils shorter, acute, punctate: heads 
showy, sessile or short-peduncled : involucres 1.5-2 cm. high ; bracts lanceolate to linear, 
appressed, finely punctate : corollas 1.5 cm. long, pubescent : achenes finely ribbed, 12-15 
mm. long, upwardly barbed: pappus-bristles pink or reddish, somewhat longer than the 
achenes. _ 
In dry soil, often on hillsides, Texas to New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. Spring. 
15. LACINIARIA Hill. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with thick rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades usually 
narrow, entire. Heads discoid, few or numerous, rose-purple or white. Involucres ovoid 
to cylindric, few-many-flowered : bracts in several series, the inner successively longer, rarely 
with petal-like tips. Receptacle nearly flat, naked. Corollas regular; lobes often elon- 
gated and conspicuous. Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas obtuse or flattened at the 
apex. Achenes 10-ribbed. Pappus of 1-2 series of barbellulate or plumose bristles. 
[Liatris Schreb.] BurroN-sNAKEROOT. BLAZING STAR. 
Inner bracts of the involucre terminating in rose-red or magenta petal-like appendages : 
Petal-like tips much longer than wide, acuminate. 1. L. elegans. 
Petal-like tips about as broad as long, rounded and erose-denticulate. 2. L. flabellata, 
Inner bracts of the involucre undifferentiated at the tip, or if thinner and col- 
ored, not petal-like. 
A. Bracts of the involucre obtuse, or mainly so. 
Involueres hemispheric, i-2.5 em. wide, 15-45-flowered. 8 
Involucres campanulate, cylindric or turbinate, rarely over 5 mm. wide, 
usually 5-15-flowered. 
Involueres rounded at the base, of a campanulate type. 
Heads sessile: bracts of the involucre glabrous or nearly so. 
Involucres 9-11 mm. high; bracts copiously punctate. 4. L. spicata. 
Involucres 6-8 mm. high; bracts obscurely if at all punctate. 5. L. vittata. 
Heads peduncled: bracts of the involucre pubescent and densely 
. L. scariosa. 
ciliate. 6. L.laza. 
Involucres narrowed at the base, of a turbinate or cylindric type. 
Stem copiously pubescent. ^ 
Involucres peduncled ; inner bracts ciliate, obtuse. 7. L. gracilis. 
Involucres sessile; inner bracts glabrous, acutish. 8. L, serotina. 
Stem glabrous or nearly so. 
Leaves conspicuously numerous and approximate on the lower 
part of the stem, much the same length throughout: blades 
1-2 mm. wide. 
Leaves few or not conspicuously numerous, the lower ones much 
longer than the upper; blades reete] wide. : 
Involucre cylindric: leaf-blades essentially without cilia. 10. L. microcephala. 
Involucres turbinate: leaf-blades ciliate, especially near the 
base. 
Involucres over 9 mm. high. 
Blades of the lower cauline leaves linear or narrowly 
9. L. polyphylla. 
linear: involucres narrowly turbinate. 11. L. graminifolia. 
Blades of the lower cauline leaves broadly linear or linear- ; 
oblong: involueres broadly turbinate. 12. L. pilosa. 
Involucres less than 8 mm. high. 
a. Heads sessile or on naked peduncles: involucres mostly 
over 6 mm. high. 
Lower cauline leaves relatively short, the blades over 
4 mm. wide: bracts of the involucre ciliate, copi- 
ously punctate. 13. L. elegantula. 
