CARDUACEAE 1173 
times interrupted spikes or racemes : involucres 1-1.5 cm. high and about as broad ; bracts 
rhombic-obovate to broadly spatulate, herbaceous or scarious-margined, obtuse, often erose 
at the top: achenes 3-4 mm. long: pappus-bristles barbellulate. 
In dry soil, Maine to Manitoba, south to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
4. Laciniaria spicàta (L.) Kuntze. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, simple, glabrous or spar- 
ingly hirsute. Leaves numerous ; blades linear or nearly so, very variable in length: 
spikes 1-7 dm. long, often dense: involucres sessile, rounded at the base, 9-11 mm. high ; 
bracts ovate to narrowly oblong, or linear in the inner series, mostly obtuse, ciliolate, ap- 
pressed, copiously punctate: achenes 3.5-4 mm. long, pubescent: pappus-bristles barbel- 
lulate. 
In moist soil, Massachusetts to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
5. Laciniaria vittàta Greene. Resembling L. spicata in habit, but seldom as tall. 
Leaves mainly below the middle of the stem ; blades of the lower cauline leaves channeled : 
involucres campanulate, 6-8 mm. high; bracts obtuse, ciliolate at the narrowly scarious 
apex, obscurely, if at all, punctate. 
In woods or meadows, southern Mississippi. Fall. 
6. Laciniaria láxa Small. Stems 4-6 dm. tall, thinly tomentulose. Leaves rather 
numerous ; blades linear, sometimes rather broadly so, 1-2 dm. long, the upper ones often 
ciliate to near the tip, the lower narrowed into short margined petioles, the upper much 
reduced, sessile: peduncles villous, some of them longer than the heads: racemes lax : in- 
volucres about 5 mm. high, campanulate; bracts oblong to oblong-lanceolate, or broadly 
linear in the inner series, obtuse, conspicuously ciliate, becoming lax, the outer keeled, 
purple, the inner purple-tipped : achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, rather densely pubescent: pap- 
pus-bristles scarcely barbellulate. 
In sand, Cape Florida, Florida. Spring. ; 
7. Laciniaria grácilis (Pursh) Kuntze. Stems 2-10 dm. tall, simple or paniculately 
branched above, cinereous-pubescent. Leaves numerous; blades linear, the lower ones 
petioled, the upper rather abruptly reduced and sessile : involucres 5-8 mm. high, turbin- 
ate, on spreading peduncles ; bracts ovate to oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, densely glandu- 
lar-truncate and pubescent, at least ciliate : achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, pubescent : pappus- 
bristles minutely barbellulate. 
In sandy pine lands, Georgia to Alabama and Florida. Summer and fall. 
8. Laciniatia serótina Greene. Stems about 6 dm. tall, rather slender, hirsute to 
somewhat tomentose with white hairs. Leaves mainly on the lower part of the stem, with 
narrow almost glabrous blades : heads in a loose spike: involucres cylindric ; bracts ovate 
to oblong, the inner acutish, glabrous, slightly scarious-margined: achenes appressed- 
pubescent: pappus-bristles barbellulate. 
In low pine lands, near Covington, Louisiana. Late fall. 
9. Laciniaria polyphylla Small. Stems usually tufted, 2-7 dm. tall, slender. Leaves 
numerous ; blades narrowly linear or linear-filiform, 2-10 em. long, gradually but much 
reduced above, the lower ones spreading, the upper ascending : racemes virgate: peduncles 
very slender, 4-10 mm. long, erect or ascending: involueres cylindric, 5-6 mm. high; 
bracts broadly ovate to oblong, or cuneate-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, scarious-margined : 
achenes 3.5-4 mm. long: pappus-bristles minutely barbellulate. 
In rocky soil, Stone Mountain, Georgia. Summer. 
10. Laciniaria microcéphala Small. Stems rather slender, 3-7 dm. tall, solitary or 
tufted, strict, simple at least below the inflorescence: leaves numerous ; blades linear, very 
narrowly so except those of lower leaves, 5-10 em. long or shorter above, erect or strongly 
ascending, sparingly punctate, the lower ones narrowed into sparingly ciliate petioles : 
heads numerous, short-peduncled or the peduncles sometimes elongated and minutely scaly : 
involucres cylindric, 6-8 mm. high ; bracts glabrous or nearly so, erect, appressed, obtuse, 
the outer ovate, the inner oblong or cuneate-linear, much longer than the outer, pappus- 
bristles coarsely barbellulate : achenes cuneate, 4-5 mm. long, densely pubescent. 
In sandy soil, Tennessee and Georgia. Summer. 
11. Laciniaria graminifólia ( Walt.) Kuntze. Stems often tufted, 2-12 dm. tall, rarely 
branched. Leaves numerous; blades linear or nearly so, sparingly ciliate near the base : 
racemes 1-4 dm. long: heads sometimes crowded : involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm. high ; 
bracts oblong-ovate to oblong-cuneate or linear-cuneate or nearly linear, ciliolate, scarious- 
margined : achenes 4 mm. long, pubescent: pappus-bristles minutely barbellulate. 
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida. Summer and fall. 
12. Laciniaria pilósa (Ait.) Heller. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, simple. Leaves rather 
numerous, the basal often fully 4 as long as the stem, with broadly linear or linear-oblong 
blades, upper stem-leaves much smaller, with linear blades, all more or less ciliate near the 
