1176 CARDUACEAE 
stem, much reduced above: spikes dense, cylindric, 3-4.5 cm. long, the heads crowded: 
involucres 10-12 mm. high ; bracts ovate to oblong or linear-oblong, the acuminate tips 
scarious and irregularly spreading: achenes 5 mm. long, minutely pubescent: pappus- 
bristles minutely barbellulate. 
In dry soil, Minnesota to Illinois, Arkansas and Texas. Summer and fall. 
30. Laciniaria Langloisii Greene. Resembling L. pyenostachya in habit, but typi- 
cally more slender, the foliage glaucescent-green: the heads in a narrower and less dense 
spike: involucres 8-9 mm. high; bracts pubescent, with scarious ciliate margins, acute or 
mucronate, the tips more or less spreading: achenes 4 mm. long, pubescent: pappus- 
bristles barbellulate. 
On prairies, Louisiana and Texas. Summer and fall. 
31. Laciniaria Chapmánii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, strict, rigid. 
Leaves numerous ; blades narrowly linear, 3-10 cm. long, much reduced and sessile above 
the middle of the stem: spikes commonly dense, plumose at maturity : involucres narrow, 
erect, 12-14 mm. high: bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute, apicu- 
late or slightly acuminate : achenes 5.5-6 mm. long: pappus-bristles elongated, firm, bar- 
bellulate near the base. ; 
On sand hills, Georgia and Florida. Summerand fall.—The taller form with elongated basal and 
lower cauline leaves, is L. Chapmanii longifolia Nash. 
32. Laciniaria paucifldra (Pursh) Kuntze. Stems 2-9 dm. long, sometimes re- 
clining. Leaves firm; blades narrowly linear, 5-10 cm. long, or the upper shorter: 
racemes secund, hardly dense: involucres narrow, 12-14 mm. high; bracts thinnish, ap- 
pressed, ovate to oblong-ovate, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate or cuneate-oblanceolate, acute 
or acuminate: achenes 4—4.5 mm. long, minutely pubescent: pappus-bristles minutely 
barbellulate. 
In dry sand, South Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
33. Laciniaria cymósa H. Ness. Stems 2.5-8 dm. tall, cymosely branched above, 
more orless pubescent. Leaves rather few ; the basal and lower cauline with broadly 
linear more or less acuminate blades 1-2.5 dm. long, the upper cauline with narrowly linear 
thick blades: heads few or numerous: involucres cylindric, about 1.5 cm. high, peduncled ; 
bracts orbicular to broadly cuneate and broadly oblong-linear, mucronulate : achenes 
6.5-7 mm. long ; pappus-bristles plumose. 
In dry ground, central Texas. Fall. 
34. Laciniaria cylindracea (Michx.) Kuntze. Stems 3-5 dm. tall, simple, mostly 
glabrous. Leaves rather numerous; blades linear, often narrowly linear, 3-20 cm. long, 
acute, often ciliolate near the base: heads usually few: involucres cylindric, 1.5-2.5 cm. 
high ; bracts ovate to cuneate oblong and narrowly linear, short-acuminute or abruptly 
acuminate, erose-ciliate, appressed: achenes 5-6 mm. long, pubescent : pappus-bristles 
plumose. 
In dry soil and on prairies, Ontario to Minnesota, south to Ohio and Arkansas. Summer. 
35. Laciniaria squarrósa (L.) Hill. Stems often tufted and partly spreading, 1-6 
dm. tall, pubescent. Leaves numerous; blades linear, 3-30 cm. long, often with scatter 
hairs: heads solitary or few, subtended by leaf-like bracts: involucres cylindric, 1.5-2 
em. high ; bracts lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, oblong and narrowly linear, acuminate, the 
upper portion more or less abruptly spreading : achenes 5-6 mm. long, pubescent : pappus- 
bristles plumose. 
In dry sandy soil, Ontario to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas. Summer. 
16. GARBERIA A. Gray. 
Low shrubs. Leaves numerous, alternate, vertical: blades leathery, narrowed to & 
short jointed base. Heads in rather dense corymbose cymes. Involucres about 5-flowered : 
bracts herbaceous, in about 5 series of 3-4 each, acute. Receptacle naked. Corollas regu- 
lar, widened at the throat. Anthers appendaged at the top. Stigmas elongated, rather 
obtuse. Achenes slender, 10-ribbed. Pappus copious, the scabro-barbellulate bristles in 
2 or more series, the inner longer. 
1. Garberia fruticdsa (Nutt.) A. Gray. A branching shrub 1-2 m. tall, with puberu- 
lent young foliage. Leaves numerous; blades spatulate or obovate, 2-3 cm. long, pale, 
rounded or retuse at the apex, cuneately narrowed at the base: heads crowded : involucres 
narrow, 10-12 mm. high ; bracts puberulent, linear-lanceolate to linear, acute: achenes 
mm. long, finely pubescent : pappus much surpassing the involucres. 
In sandy soil, peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. 
