CARDUACEAE 1177 
17. CARPHEPHORUS Cass. 
Perennial herbs, with scape-like stems simple below the inflorescence. Leaves alter- 
nate, conspicuously larger at the base of the stem: blades narrow, flat or acerose, entire. 
Heads showy, discoid, in terminal corymbose cymes. Involucres hemispheric to campanu- 
late, many-flowered : bracts imbricated in several series, appressed, sometimes scarious- 
margined. Receptacle nearly flat, with deciduous chaff. Corollas regular. Anthers 
notched or emarginate at the apex. Stigmas clavate, obtuse. Achenes 10-ribbed. 
Pappus in 1 or several series, the hair-like bristles plumose or barbellate. 
Leaves with acerose blades, erect or appressed. 1. C. Pseudo- Liatris. 
Leaves with flat blades. 
Stems manifestly-pubescent. 
Bracts of the involucres densely pubescent, acute or acutish. 2. C. tomentosus. 
Bracts of the involucres glabrous, the inner scarious-margined and erose at 
the apex. 3. C. corymbosus. 
Stems glabrous or nearly so. 4. C. bellidifolius. 
1. Carphephorus Pseüdo-Liàtris Cass. Foliage cinereous-pubescent. Stems 3-7 
dm. tall, wand-like: leaves mostly crowded at the base of the stem; blades acerose, 1-3 
dm. long, slightly keeled, half sheathing the stem, reduced to scales above: involucres 7— 
9 mm. high; bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pectinate-ciliate : 
achenes 3 mm. long, minutely pubescent : pappus-bristles slightly plumose. 
In grassy pine lands, Georgia and Florida to Louisiana. Fall. 
2. Carphephorus tomentósus (Michx.) T. & G. Foliage tomentulose, or hirsute 
below, and there glabrate in age. Stems 3-7 dm. tall: leaves numerous ; blades linear- 
spatulate below to oblong-oval or obovate on the upper part of the stem, often acutish, the 
upper sessile: heads few: involucres 6-10 mm. high; bracts ovate to oblong, 4-10 mm. 
long, acute or acutish, densely pubescent: achenes 4 mm. long, strigose : pappus-bristles 
barely plumose. 
In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
3. Carphephorus corymbósus (Nutt.) T. & G. Foliage pubescent. Stems 3-9 dm. 
tall: basal and lower stem-leaves with spatulate or narrowly oblong-spatulate obtuse blades, 
6-15 em. long ; upper stem-leaves alternate; blades cuneate, oblong or ovate, sessile: heads 
numerous: involucres 6-9 mm. high ; bracts oval to oblong, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous, 
scarious-margined, the inner erose at the apex : achenes 4 mm. long, sharply ribbed, pubes- 
cent: pappus-bristles barely plumose. 
In sandy pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
4. Carphephorus bellidifdlius (Michx.) T. & G. Foliage minutely pubescent or 
glabrate below. Stems 3-5 dm. tall: leaves fleshy ; blades linear-spatulate to linear, 2-10 
em. long, obtuse, 3—5-nerved, sessile: heads few: involucres 10-12 mm. high; bracts ob- 
long, 5-12 mm. long, obtuse, ciliate: achenes 5 mm. long, sparingly pubescent: pappus- 
bristles plumose. 
In sandy pine lands, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
18. COLEOSÁNTHUS Cass. 
Herbs or shrubby plants, with upright branching stems. Leaves opposite or alternate : 
blades broadest below the middle, usually toothed, prominently nerved beneath. Heads 
several or numerous, or rarely solitary, discoid. Involucres oblong to campanulate, few- 
many-flowered: bracts narrow, striate, in several series, the inner successively longer, 
Receptacle naked. Corollas regular. Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas elongated. 
obtuse. Achenes 10-ribbed or 10-striate. Pappus of one series of scabrous barbellate or 
nearly smooth hair-like bristles. [Brickellia Ell. ] 
Heads with 9-25 flowers : inflorescence racemose or cpr ; n 
Leaves mainly alternate: involucres 7-8 mm, high. 1. C. Riddellii. 
Leaves mainly opposite : involucres 10-11 mm. high. 2. C. cylindraceus. 
Heads with 30-50 flowers: inflorescence corymbose. 3. C. cordifolius. 
1l. Coleosanthus Riddéllii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Cinereous-pubescent. Stems 5-12 
dm. tall, nearly simple or fastigiately branched above: leaves mainly alternate, very 
numerous ; blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, acute, mainly entire, or 
coarsely dentate-serrate, rugose : heads numerous : involucres 7-8 mm. high, 15-20-flowered : 
bracts ovate to linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, pubescent : achenes 4-4.5 
mm. long, glabrous or nearly so: pappus-bristles barbellate. 
On river banks, Texas. Summer and fall. 
