CARDUACEAE 1181 
1. Heterotheca subaxillàris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. Heavy-scented, hirsute or 
hispid. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, corymbose above: basal leaves several ; blades oblong to 
ovate-oblong, 3-6 cm. long, acute, shallowly serrate, petioled: stem-leaves alternate ; 
blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-7 cm. long, serrate or repand, acute, mostly sessile, 
partly clasping : involucres 7-8 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate to linear, acuminate : 
pappus of the ray-flowers crown-like, that of the disk-flowers conspicuous. 
In sandy soil, Delaware to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
25. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. 
Biennial or perennial caulescent herbs, usually conspicuously pubescent. Leaves 
alternate : blades very narrow or sometimes broad, entire and sessile or somewhat toothed, 
and petioled near the base of the stem. Heads showy, radiate, or rarely discoid, typically 
in corymbs. Involucres many-flowered : bracts narrow, in several series, the inner suc- 
cessively longer. Receptacle pitted. Ray-flowers several, pistillate. Disk-flowers mostly 
perfect. Corollas yellow. Stigmas with linear or subulate appendages. Achenes flattened. 
Pappus double, the outer series of small scales or bristles, the inner of numerous rough hair- 
like bristles. GOLDEN ASTER. 
Mode ho elongated linear, or if relatively broad, with parallel veins: leaves and stems silky or rarely 
glabrous. 
Leaf-blades about 2 mm. wide or less. 
Involueres 5-6 mm. high : leaves glabrous. 
Involucres 8-10 mm, high: leaves silky. 
Leaf-blades much over 2 mm. wide. 
4 C. pinifolia, 
Pubescence of the stem and leaves lead-colored. 3. C. argentea. 
4 
. C. Tracyi. 
Pubescence silvery. : 
Stems conspicuously zigzag. 
Stems strict or essentially so. 
Peduneles, branches and stem woolly. 
Lower cauline leaves not markedly longer than the upper. 5 
Lower cauline leaves conspicuously longer than the upper. 
Involucres 10-12 mm. high. 6. C. graminifolia. 
Zh 
8 
. C. flexuosa. 
. C. latifolia. 
Involueres 4-7 mm. high. . C. microcephala. 
Peduncles, branches and even the stem għandular. 
Lower cauline leaves not markedly longer than the upper. 
Lower cauline leaves conspicuously longer than the gek 
Stem-leaves numerous, approximate ; blades narrow: ligules of the 
. C. Ruthii. 
ray-fiowers less than 1 em. long. 9. C. aspera. 
Stem-leaves mostly 2-4, distant; blades relatively broad: ligules 
of the ray-flowers over 1 em. long. 10. C. oligantha. 
Leaf-blades not elongated linear, relatively broad, or if narrow pinnately veined : 
foliage woolly, cottony, hispid or villous. 
Achenes 3-5-nerved. 
Pubescence woolly or cottony, sometimes deciduous, at least above the basal 
leaves, and leaving a glandular scabrous or glabrous surface. 
Braets of the involucre glabrous. 
Bracts of the involucre prolonged into subulate tips. 11. C. trichophylla. 
Bracts of the involucre acute or merely slightly acuminate. 
Cauline leaves with spatulate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate blades. 12. C. gigantea. 
Cauline leaves with narrowly linear blades. 13. C. hyssopifolia. 
Bracts of the involucre glandular or cobwebby. 
Bracts of the involucre without cobwebby hairs, copiously glandular. 
Pubescence deciduous: foliage rough-glandular. 14. C. scabrelia. 
Pubescence persistent: foliage smooth or soft-glandular. 
Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. wide or less. 
Stem and leaves cobwebby-pubescent : upperstem-leaves acute. 15. C. Mariana. 
Stem and leaves white cottony-lanate : upper stem-leaves obtuse. 16. €. Floridana. 
Bracts of tbe involucre 2 mm. wide or more. 17. C. latisquama. 
Bracts of the involucre with cobwebby hairs. 
Peduncles penet bracts of the involucre sparingly cobwebby. 18. C. decumbens. 
Peduncles densely villous-cobwebby : heads of the involucre densely 
villous-cobwebby. 19. C. pilosa. 
Pubescençe hispid or villous. 
bed ed cauline leaves mostly less than 5 mm. wide. 
st 
em and leaf-surfaces mainly strigose. 20. C. Berlandieri. 
Stem and leaf-surfaces mainly hispid. . 21. C. stenophylla. 
Upper cauline leaves mostly over 8 mm. wide. 22. C. camporum. 
Achenes 10-nerved. 23. C. Nuttallii. 
1. Chrysopsis pinifdlia Ell. Foliage early glabrate. Stems 2-4 dm. tall, slender, 
branched, the ultimate branches nearly filiform : leaves numerous, the basal with narrowly 
linear blades 5-15 cm. long ; stem-leaves with linear-filiform blades mostly less than 1 mm. 
wide, all merely acute : heads few : involucres 5-6 mm. high ; bracts lanceolate to linear, 
ades or acuminate, ridged on the back, glabrous: ray-flowers few ; ligules yellow, 6-7 mm. 
ong. 
On sand hills, Georgia. Fall. 
