CARDUACEAE 1189 
4-6 mm. high ; bracts oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish : ray-flowers 
with ligules 4-6 mm. long: achenes 3-4 mm. long. 
In low sandy soil, South Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. Fall. 
37. EUTHAMIA Nutt. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with elongated rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades nar- 
row, entire or nearly so. Heads very numerous, radiate, in broad corymbs. Involucres 
narrow, several-flowered: bracts narrow, often obtuse, glutinous, closely imbricated. 
Receptacle pubescent or fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pistillate, usually more numerous than 
those of the disk, with inconspicuous ligules. Corollas yellow. Stigmas with lanceolate 
appendages. Achenes broadened upward, pubescent. Pappus of long equal bristles. The 
plants bloom in summer and fall. 
Leaf-blades manifestly 3-5-ribbed : ray-flowers 12-30. 1. E. graminifolia. 
Leaf-blades 1-ribbed : ray-flowers 5-10. 
Leaf-blades mostly over 3 mm. broad: disk-flowers 3-4. 2. E. leptocephala. 
Leaf-blades mostly less than 3 mm. broad : disk-flowers 5-6. 3. E. Caroliniana. 
1. Euthamia gramínifólia (L.) Nutt. Stem 3-14 dm. tall, corymbose above, finely 
pubescent or glabrate below : leaf-blades linear, over 4 mm. wide, 3-5-ribbed, finely pubes- 
cent, at least along the ribs or margins : heads numerous : involucres campanulate, mostly 
4-4.5 mm. high: ray-flowers 12-30. [Solidago lanceolata L. ] 
In rich soil or thickets, Nova Scotia to the North west Territory, Florida and Kansas. 
2. Euthamia leptocéphala (T. & G.) Greene. Stems 4-11 dm. tall, glabrous or 
merely puberulent near the corymbose top: leaf-blades linear, mostly over 3 mm. wide, 
l-ribbed, glabrous except the scabrous margins: heads rather numerous : involucres tur- 
binate, mostly 5.5-6 mm. high : ray-flowers 6-10. 
In moist soil, Missouri to Mississippi and Texas. 
3. Euthamia Caroliniana (L.) Greene. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, glabrous or sometimes 
sparingly and minutely pubescent, more or less copiously corymbose above: leaf-blades 
narrowly linear to linear-filiform, mostly less than 3 mm. wide, 1-ribbed, essentially gla- 
brous, except the margins: heads numerous, sometimes extremely so : involucres cylindric 
to turbinate-cylindric, 4.5-6 mm. high: ray-flowers 5-8. [Solidago tenuifolia Pursh. ] 
In sandy soil, Massachusetts, Florida and Texas, and locally in the interior. 
38. SOLIDAGO L. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, sometimes shrubby near the base, with the stems usually 
simple below the inflorescence. Leaves alternate: blades simple, often toothed. Heads 
radiate, relatively small, paniculate or thyrsoid. Involucres several-flowered, campanulate, 
turbinate or cylindric: bracts in several series, ribless, the inner successively longer, the 
outer sometimes extending well down the peduncle. Receptacle small, usually alveolate. 
Ray-flowers pistillate, in 1 series : ligules yellow or rarely white. Disk-flowers mostly all 
perfect. Corollas usually yellow, tubular to narrowly campanulate, 5-lobed. Anthers ob- 
tuse and entire at the base. Stigmas flattened, the appendages lanceolate. Achenes terete 
or angled, generally ribbed. Pappus of several or many rough capillary bristles in 1 or 2 
nearly equal series. GOLDENROD. 
A. Heads in axillary short or raceme-like clusters subtended by leaf-like bracts, if aggregated at the 
end of the stem or its branches forming a conspicuously leafy-bracted thyrsus. 
a. Involucre 2.5-6 mm. high. i 
Achenes copiously pubescent: bracts of the involucre;obtuse. 
Stems and branches terete. ; 
Leaf-blades mostly less than 2 em. wide: involucres 3.5-4 mm. high, 1.5-2 mm. thick, 
1. S. caesia. 
Leaf-blades mostly over 2.5 cm. wide: involucres 4-5 mm. high, 2.5-3 
mm. thick. 2. S. asterifolia. 
Stems and branches angled. 
Leaf-blades Jess than twice as long as broad. 3. S. flexicaulis. 
Leaf-blades over twice as long as broad. 
Stem glabrous. 
Leaf-blades 2.5-4 times as long as broad. 4. S. flaccidifolia. 
Leaf-blades 5-8 times as long as broad. 
Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, about 2 
mm. thick ; inner bracts linear. 5. S. Curtisit. 
Involucres broadly campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, about 3 mm. 
thick ; inner bracts oblong. 6. S. lancifolia. 
Stem manifestly pubescent. 7. S. pubens. 
Achenes glabrous: bracts of the involucre acute. 
