1190 CARDUACEAE 
Leaf-blades acute at the apex, the bases broad. 
Leaf-blades more or less acuminate at the apex, the bases narrow. 
b. Involuere 7-8 mm. high. 
iB: s in a terminal inconspicuously bracted, rarely contracted, panicle or 
thyrsus. 
Inflorescence consisting of a round-topped contracted panicle. 
Inflorescence pyramidal or elongated. 
Tips of the involucral bracts, at least some of them, spreading or recurved. 
Blades of thelowerstem-leaves mainly over 5cm. wide, smooth or nearly 
SO. 
Blades of the lower stem-leaves mainly less than 3 em. wide, manifestly 
scabrous. 
Leaves dull green. 
Leaves with a metallic lustre, often silvery. 
Tips of the involucral bracts erect or appressed. 
Inflorescence equilateral or essentially so: heads not secund on the 
branches. 
Upper stem-leaves not abruptly smaller than the lower, more or less 
spreading. 
Bracts of the invoiucre decidedly obtuse. 
Achenes glabrous. 
Stems copiously pubescent. 
Ray-flowers with white ligules. 
Ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 
Stems glabrous or merely puberulent. 
Involuere 4-6.5 mm. high, 24 mm. thick; the bracts gla- 
brous or nearly so. 
Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. broad or broader near 
the rounded tip. : 
Leaf-blades, at least the majority of them, toothed. 
Involueres 4.5-5.5 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick, the 
inner bracts barely 1 mm. wide. 
Involucres 5.5-6.5 mm. high, 4-4.5 mm. thick, the 
inner bracts fully 1 mm. wide. 
Leaf-blades entire. 
Bracts of the involucre less than 1 mm. broad near the 
somewhat narrowed apex. 
Involuere 7-7.5 mm. high, fully 5 mm. thick, the bracts pu- 
bescent. 
Achenes pubescent. 
Heads short-peduncled or sessile : inflorescence compact. 
Heads slender-peduncled : inflorescence open. 
Braets of the involucre acute or acutish. 
Heads relatively few, in a lax panicle or thyrsus. 
ves AA leaves glabrous: upper stem-leaves with linear 
Ades. ‘ 
Stems and leaves softly puberulent : upper stem-leaves with 
broader blades. 
Heads relatively numerous, in a compact panicle or thyrsus. 
Involucres 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts linear. 
Involucres narrowly campanulate, 3 mm. thick. 
Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 2.5 mm. thick. 
Involucres 4 mm. thick; bracts oblong. 
Upper stem-leaves abruptly smaller than the lower, erect or appressed. 
Inflorescence 1-sided : heads manifestly secund on the branches. 
* Leaf-blades pinnately veined, not 3-ribbed. 
Plants maritime: leaves fleshy-leathery. 
Involucres 3.5-4 mm. high. 
Involucres 5-6 mm. high, 
Involucres campanulate. 
Involucres turbinate. 
Plants not maritime: leaves not fleshy-leathery. 
Internodes of the stem prominently angled below the leaves. 
Involucres broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, about 3 
mm. thick. x 
Involucres narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm thick. 
Internodes of the stem terete or essentially so. E 
Leaf-blades commonly about as broad as long, clasping or 
their petiole-like bases clasping. 
Leaf-blades, at least the lower ones, much longer than broad. 
1 Stem manifestly pubescent, rarely only in lines. 
Leaves glabrous except the ciliate margins. 
Leaf-blades entire. E 
Stem pubescent in lines: leaf-blades 6-7 times 
longer than wide. A 
Stem pubescent all over: leaf-blades 2-5 times, 
longer than wide. 
Leaf-blades toothed. 
Inner bracts of the involucre linear : leaves green. 
Inner bracts of the involucre oblong: leaves 
glaucescent. 
Leaves pubescent. 
Leaf-blades not rugose-veiny. 
Leaves of a linear type. 
Leaves of an oblong elliptic oval or ovate type. 
Stem-leaves with clasping blades. 
Stem-leaves not clasping. 
joo wv 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
. S. Buckleyt. 
. S. monticola. 
. S. glomerata. 
. S. spithamaea. 
. S. squarrosa. 
S. petiolaris. 
S. Wardi. 
S. bicolor. 
S. hispida. 
. S. erecta. 
. S. speciosa. 
. S. rigidiuscula, 
20. S. plumosa. 
21. 
. S. uliginosa. 
. S. dispersa. 
S. Porteri. 
. S, Chrysopsis. 
. S. verna. 
. S. puberula. 
. S. pulverulenta. 
S. Lindheimeriana. 
S. stricta. 
. S. angustifolia. 
. S. sempervirens, 
. S. flavovirens. 
. S. patula. 
. S. salicina. 
35. S. amplexicaulis. 
40. 
41. 
S. odora. 
. S. Chapmanii. 
. S. brachyphylla. 
39. S. pallescens. 
S. tortifolia. 
S. fistulosa. 
