CARDUACEAE 1195 
leaves linear, entire, the longer ones fully or nearly one-half as long as the stem, those of 
the very few cauline leaves narrowly linear, 1-8 cm. long, all acute: heads relatively few, 
in a lax narrow terminal thyrsus, not at all crowded : involucres turbinate-campanulate, 
4.5-5 mm. high, nearly 4 mm. thick ; bracts thin, rather lax, acute: achenes finely pubes- 
cent. 
In sand, Pine Key, Florida. 
25. Solidago vérna M. A. Curtis. Stems 6-9 dm. tall, striate-ridged, purple-tinged, 
softly puberulent, usually simple below the more or less widely branched inflorescence : 
leaf-blades puberulent like the stem, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves oval to 
ovate, 5-9 cm. long, acute, serrate or crenate-serrate, narrowed into slender petiole-like 
bases which equal or surpass them in length ; blades of the upper cauline leaves smaller, 
slightly narrower and with short petiole-like bases: heads relatively few, in a lax or 
irregularly spreading terminal thyrsus, the branches often ‘remote: involucres broadly 
campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, about 4 mm. thick; bracts thinnish, acute, rather lax : 
achenes finely pubescent. 
In open sandy pine woods, eastern North Carolina. Spring. 
26. Solidago pubérula Nutt. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, more or less copiously puberulent, 
striate-ridged or somewhat angled, purple or purple-tinged, simple or copiously branched 
above: leaf-blades thinnish, puberulent, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatu- 
late to oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, appressed serrate or crenate-serrate, narrowed into some- 
times slender petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline narrow, oblanceolate to elliptic 
or linear-elliptic, much smaller than the lower and less prominently toothed, or entire : 
heads numerous, in a terminal, branching or sometimes narrow thyrsus: involucres nar- 
rowly campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. long, about 3 mm. thick: bracts thinnish, acute, flat : 
achenes glabrous. 
In dry or moist soil, New Brunswick to Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 
27. Solidago pulverulénta Nutt. Similar to S. puberula in habit but rather smaller, 
the foliage, especially the stem, cinereous-puberulent: leaf-blades thickish, those of the 
basal and lower cauline leaves ovate to oval or rarely nearly spatulate, less than 1 dm. long, 
obtuse or apiculate, shallowly few-toothed near the apex, cuneately narrowed into winged 
petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline much reduced in size, commonly only 1 or 2 
em. long: heads numerous, in a narrow or somewhat branched terminal thyrsus: involu- 
cres turbinate-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick : bracts thinnish, acute, nearly 
flat : achenes glabrous. 
In pine woods, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
28. Solidago Lindheimeriàna Scheele. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, pale-puberulent, striate- 
ridged, copiously leafy, usually simple: leaf-blades firm at maturity, pale or silvery, 
scabrous with very short rigid hairs, those of the upper cauline leaves oblong to oblong- 
lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, acute, entire, sometimes undulate, ciliate: heads numerous in a 
compact usually cylindric terminal thyrsus : involucres narrowly campanulate, 6 mm. high, 
about 3.5 mm. thick, the body green, the margins pale: achenes glabrous. 
On rocky bluffs and in old stream beds, Texas. Fall. 
29. Solidago stricta Ait. Stems 7-27 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, simple, strict: 
leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline spatulate to nar- 
rowly oblong, 5-15 cm. long, obtuse, entire or rarely sparingly toothed, blades of the upper 
cauline leaves abruptly much smaller than the basal, erect or appressed to the stem, mainly 
acute, entire, gradually merging into the bracts of the inflorescence : heads numerous, in 
a strict or narrow terminal thyrsus : involucres narrowly campanulate or nearly cylindric- 
campanulate, about 5 mm. high, 3 mm. thick; bracts thinnish in age, acute, rounded on 
the back : achenes glabrous. 
In low pine lands, New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Alsoin Cuba. Summer and fall. 
30. Solidago angustifdlia Ell. Stems 8-21 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, mainly 
simple : leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves 
1.5-3 dm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or acutish, narrowed into petiole-like bases, 
entire; blades of the upper cauline leaves abruptly much smaller than the lower, narrowly 
oblong to linear or linear-subulate near the inflorescence, acute, entire, erect or appressed 
to the stem : heads numerous, in a terminal one-sided pyramidal or elongated thyrsus con- 
spicuously secund on the branches: involucres narrowly campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. high, 3 
mm. thick ; bracts thickish, rather obtuse, rounded on the back or slightly keeled : achenes 
finely pubescent. 
In salt marshes and on brackish shores, North Carolina to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
31. Solidago sempérvirens L. Stems 6-25 dm. tall, striate, mostly simple, usually 
purple or purple-tinged, glabrous below the inflorescence: leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, 
