1196 CARDUACEAE 
those of the basal and lower cauline leaves broadly linear, elliptic-linear or oblong-lanceo- 
late, commonly 2-5 dm. long, acute or obtusish, entire, narrowed into long petiole-like 
bases, those of the upper cauline smaller and narrower, more gradually narrowed to the 
apex, often undulate: heads numerous, in a more or less branched terminal one-sided 
thyrsus, conspicuously secund on the branches : involucres campanulate, sometimes broadly 
so, 5 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts thickish, acute or acutish, rounded on the back 
or slightly keeled : achenes pubescent. 
In salt marshes, on beaches and along tidal rivers, New Brunswick to Florida and Mexico. Also 
in Bermuda. Summer and fall. 
32. Solidago flavóvirens Chapm. Stems 6-19 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, simple: 
leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate 
to elliptic-lanceolate, commonly 1-2 dm. long, shallowly toothed, narrowed into petiole- 
like bases, those of the upper cauline much reduced in size, oblong to elliptie, 1-2 cm. 
long, entire: heads numerous, in a more or less elongated one-sided terminal thyrsus, the 
branches spreading or recurved: involucres turbinate, 5-6 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; 
bracts thickish, keeled, acutish : achenes finely pubescent. 
In brackish marshes, Apalachicola, Florida. Summer and fall. 
33. Solidago pátula Muhl. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous, at least below the inflores- 
cence, purple or purple-tinged, more or less widely branched, the internodes strongly 
angled eos the leaves: leaf-blades exceedingly rough above, glabrous beneath, those of 
the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to elliptic or oblong, 1-3 dm. long, serrate, 
narrowed into broad petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline leaves smaller, oblanceo- 
late to oblong or elliptic, finely serrate, all drying thin and very fragile : heads numerous, 
often crowded toward the ends of the more or less elongated branches of the inflorescence : 
involucres broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, about 3 mm. high; bracts thinnish, 
obtuse : achenes pubescent. 
In swamps and low woods, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota, Georgia and Texas. Summer and fall. 
34. Solidago salicina Ell. Similar to S. patula in habit but more slender. Stem 
pale, scarcely if at all branched : leaf-blades narrower and smaller than those of S. patula, 
often conspicuously reduced in size on the upper part of the stem and there entire or 
nearly so: heads disposed like those of S. patula, but less densely so: involucres narrowly 
campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse: achenes minutely pubescent. 
In low grounds, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
35. Solidago amplexicaülis T. & G. Stems 3-13 dm. tall, relatively slender, finely 
pubescent, often densely so above, striate, widely branched above: leaf-blades mainly 
ovate, usually narrower near the inflorescence, acute or short-acuminate, sharply and 
usually coarsely serrate, more or less pubescent on both sides, those of the lower cauline 
leaves with a flat petiole-like base which is dilated and toothed where it clasps the stem : 
heads numerous, secund along the rather slender and more or less elongated branches of 
the inflorescence : involucres narrowly turbinate, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; 
bracts not tightly appressed, acute : achenes pubescent. 
In dry woods, Tennessee to Arkansas, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. n 
. 36. Solidago odóra Ait. Stems often tufted, 5-13 dm. tall, usually simple, 
minutely pubescent, sometimes only in lines, striate: leaf-blades anise-scented, glabrous, 
entire, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves linear-spatulate to linear-oblong, 4-11 
em. long, acute, early disappearing, those of the upper cauline, lanceolate to linear-lanceo- 
late or linear, acute or slightly acuminate, sessile: heads numerous in broad_ one-sided 
panicles, slender-peduncled, secund on the branches: involucres cylindric, 4.5--9.5 mm. 
long, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly linear, acute or acutish, 
keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to New York, Florida, Arkansas and Texas. Summer and fall. 
37. Solidago Chapmánii A. Gray. Similar to S. odora in habit, but a 
Stems copiously pubescent, striate : leaf-blades slightly anise-scented, "glabrous, those of the 
basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate or oblong, 3-9 cm. long, early disappearing, those 
of the upper cauline lanceolate to oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, sessile or partly clasping, 
those near the inflorescence or on the branches much reduced and relatively broad : qoo 
numerous, usually in an ample one-sided panicle, slender-peduncled, secund on the 
branches : involucres cylindric, 44.5 mm. high, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear 
to linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 
In pine lands, Florida. Summer and fall. 
38. Solidago brachyphylla Chapm. Stems solitary or several together, 5-13 dm. 
tall, finely pubescent, striate-ridged : leaves rather numerous, more or less pubescent ; 
blades thickish, firm in drying, those of the basal and lower cauline spatulate to oblong- 
