CARDUACEAE 1197 
spatulate, 7-11 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, rather bluntly serrate, narrowed into petiole- 
like bases, those of the upper cauline sessile, oblong, oval, ovate or suborbicular, appressed- 
serrate, or those high up on the stems entire, those on the branches ovate or suborbicular : 
heads numerous, in a usually widely spreading panicle, secund on the slender branches: 
involucres cylindric-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts thick, rather angled on 
the back, the inner linear: achenes pubescent. 
In dry soil, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Summer and fall. 
39. Solidago palléscens C. Mohr. Similar to S. brachyphylla in habit. Stems often 
widely branched : leaves almost glabrous except the ciliolate margins ; blades thick, firm at 
maturity, those of the basal and lower cauline oblong-lanceolate to spatulate, shallowly 
serrate and narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline oblong-elliptic to 
oblong-ovate, indistinctly toothed, all glaucescent, those on the branches much reduced in 
size and cuneate to obovate-spatulate : heads rather numerous, secund on the widely spread- 
ing branches : involucres cylindric-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts thick, 
rounded on the back, the inner oblong: achenes pubescent. 
On dry hillsides, Alabama. Fall. 
40. Solidago tortifólia Ell. Stems relatively slender, 6-11 dm. tall, pale, rough- 
pubescent : leaf-blades pubescent and roughish, more or less twisted and often reflexed, 
merely sessile, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves linear or linear-spatulate, 2-8 
em. long, acute or sometimes acuminate, remotely and shallowly serrate above the middle, 
those of the upper cauline linear, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, often entire: heads 
numerous, in a one-sided usually wide panicle, slender-peduncled, secund on the branches : 
involucres cylindric, 4 mm. high, 1.5 mm. thick; bracts narrowly linear, obtuse or acutish, 
keeled along the back : achenes minutely pubescent. 
In dry sandy soil, along or near the coast, Maryland to Florida and Texas. Fall. 
41. Solidago fistulósa Mill. Stems relatively stout, 9-21 dm. tall, purple or purple- 
tinged, rough-pubescent : leaves numerous ; blades rough-pubescent, those of the basal and 
lower cauline spatulate to oblong-spatulate, 8-12 cm. long, somewhat truncate at the base, 
shallowly serrate, those of the upper cauline oblong to ovate-oblong, much smaller than 
those of the lower, mainly entire, acute or abruptly narrowed into a twisted tip, partly 
clasping by a broad base: heads numerous, in an open or dense one-sided panicle, short- 
peduncled, secund on the spreading or recurving branches: involucres narrowly campanu- 
late, 3.5-4 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly linear, mainly 
acute, rounded or keeled on the back : achenes minutely pubescent. 
In moist pine lands, New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall, 
42. Solidago Earlei Small. Stems about 9 dm. tall, striate or striate-angled, loosely 
pubescent, purple-tinged : leaves few ; blades loosely pubescent along the veins beneath 
and the edges, those of the lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong-spatulate, 6-9 cm. long, 
acute, remotely appressed-serrate, gradually narrowed to the base, those of the upper cauline 
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, appressed-serrate, merely sessile : 
heads numerous, in a one-sided panicle, secund and erect on the ascending branches: invo- 
lucres cylindric-campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts thickish, obtuse, 
keeled on the back, the inner linear: achenes minutely pubescent. 
In dry soil, Alabama. Fall. 
43. Solidago péndula Small. Stems 6-11 dm. tall, slightly striate, scabrous-pubes- 
cent with short rigid hairs: leaves relatively few ; blades very scabrous-pubescent, bright 
green, those of the cauline leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic and elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 
cm. long, acute, sharply serrate, or quite reduced in size near the inflorescence and entire, 
sessile : heads numerous, secund on the branches of the panicle and more or less drooping : 
involucres cylindric-turbinate, 5-5.5 mm. high, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts linear-lanceolate 
to linear, acute, decurrent on the peduncles: achenes minutely pubescent. 
In dry soil, northwestern Arkansas. Summer and fall. 
44. Solidago rugosa Mill. Stems 3-22 dm. tall, simple or widely branched above, 
pubescent, striate: leaves rather numerous; blades relatively thin, somewhat pubescent, 
especially beneath, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or elliptic, 
1-2 dm. long, narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline elliptic, lanceo- 
late or oblong-ovate, all acute or acuminate, sharply toothed, rugose-veiny at least in age: 
heads numerous, in a one-sided panicle, secund on the more or less elongated branches : 
involucres cylindric, or campanulate at maturity, about 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick!; bracts 
linear or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, rounded or somewhat keeled on the back : achenes 
pubescent. 
In dry soil or low woods, Newfoundland to Ontario, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
