CARDUACEAE 1199 
or elliptic-lanceolate, shallowly toothed or essentially entire, acute or somewhat acuminate, 
often contracted into a narrow base: heads relatively few, secund on the usually short more 
or less spreading, pubescent branches of the panicle: involucres campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. 
high, about 3 mm. thick ; bracts linear, somewhat narrowed to the apex but obtuse or 
acutish, keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 
In woods or sandy soil, Georgia to Louisiana and Arkansas. Summer and fall. 
52. Solidago Yadkinénsis (Porter) Small. Stems 5-14 dm. tall, striate-angled, 
purple-tinged, glabrous below the inflorescence: leaves relatively few; blades thickish, 
glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves elliptic, oblong, or oblong-ovate or 
rarely narrower and narrowed into long petiole-like bases, crenate-serrate, those of the 
upper cauline broader than those of S. Boottii, crenate or crenate-undulate, acute or acutish : 
heads not very numerous, secund and merely approximate on the short or somewhat elon- 
gated pubescent branches of the inflorescence: involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm. high, 
about 4 mm. thick; bracts oblong to almost linear, obtuse, somewhat keeled along the 
back : achenes pubescent. 
ln woods and low grounds, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fail. 
53. Solidago Ludoviciàna (A. Gray) Small. Resembling S. Yadkinensis in habit but 
more robust. Stem 8-16 dm. tall, striate-angled, purple-tinged, glabrous below the in- 
florescence: leaves relatively few, glabrous; blades thick, those of the basal and lower 
cauline leaves 1-2 dm. long, sharply toothed, those of the upper cauline elliptie to ovate- 
elliptic, 2.5-7 cm. long, acute, coarsely serrate, the teeth flaring or rarely appressed : heads 
rather numerous, secund and approximate-crowded on the recurved pubescent branches of 
the inflorescence ; involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, about 4 mm. thick ; bracts 
linear, obtuse, keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 
In moist soil or woods, Arkansas and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
54. Solidago argüta Ait. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous below the inflorescence, 
purple or purple-tinged, somewhat angled: leaves relatively few ; blades thin, glabrous, 
doubly and prominently serrate, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to 
oblong, elliptic, oval or ovate, narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline 
mainly elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, more or less acuminate, more finely serrate than 
those of the lower leaves: heads often numerous, in an open or contracted one-sided 
panicle, secund on the more or less recurved branches: involucres campanulate, 3.5-4.5 
mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly keeled on the 
back : achenes pubescent. 
In woods, Maine and Ontario to North Carolina and Ohio. Summer and fall. 
55. Solidago Vaseyi Heller. Similar to S. arguta in habit. Leaves sometimes 
larger; blades rather thicker: involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, 3-4 mm. thick; 
bracts mainly oblong, obtuse, somewhat keeled on the back : achenes finely pubescent. 
On mountain slopes, Virginia and Kentucky to Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
56. Solidago juncea Ait. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, glabrous, somewhat angled, com- 
monly spirally-zigzag: leaves rather numerous ; blades glabrous, except the more or less 
ciliate margin, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or elliptic, 
1-3 dm. long, narrowed with petiole-like bases, shallow-serrate, those of the upper cauline 
mainly elliptie, or sometimes linear-lanceolate or nearly linear, finely serrate or merely 
undulate, often twisted, acute or acuminate: heads numerous, slender-peduncled and 
secund on the glabrous approximate, more or less curved branches of the panicle : involu- 
cres campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, 2.5-3 mm. thick; bracts narrowly oblong or those of 
the inner series linear, obtuse, rounded on the back : achenes finely pubescent. 
In dry or rocky soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Georgia and Missouri. Spring and summer. 
57. Solidago gracíllima T. & G. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, slender, glabrous, striate- 
ridged, simple or with few virgate branches: leaves few ; blades thick, glabrous, those of 
the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate, mostly less than 10 cm. long, appressed- or 
crenate-serrate, mainly obtuse, narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline 
linear-spatulate or linear, shallowly toothed or entire, acute: heads rather numerous, 
secund and approximate on the glabrous distant spreading branches: involucres campanu- 
late, 4.5 mm. high, 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts oblong, sometimes rather narrowly so, broadly 
obtuse at the apex, rounded on the back : achenes pubescent. 
In sandy soil, Georgia and Florida, Summer and fall. 
58. Solidago delicátula Small. Stems 5-11 dm. tall, striate-ridged, glabrous, more 
or less branched above: leaves numerous; blades firm, glabrous except the scabrous mar- 
gins, those of the upper cauline leaves linear-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3-7 cm. long, 
sharply serrate, acuminate, lustrous but paler green beneath and less lustrous than above 
