1202 CARDUACEAE 
lower cauline leaves spatulate, 5-11 cm. long, often shallowly or undulated toothed, those 
of the upper cauline somewhat smaller, commonly entire, obtuse or acute, those near the 
inflorescence ovate, oval or obovate: heads numerous, approximate or crowded and secund 
on the pubescent branches of the compact panicle: involucres narrowly campanulate, about 
5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts oblong or linear-oblong, thin, obtuse, barely keeled 
on the back : achenes pubescent. 
In dry soil, the Northwest Territory to Minnesota, Texas and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
73. Solidago radula Nutt. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, rough-pubescent, nearly simple or 
branched : leaves not markedly approximate, very scabrous, often prominently ribbed and 
veiny, firm in age, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate or oblong-spatulate, 
8-15 cm. long, serrate, those of the upper cauline gradually smaller, and less prominently 
toothed or those near the inflorescence entire, mainly oval or obovate : heads numerous, 
secund and approximate on the more or less recurved branches of the panicle: involucres 
narrowly campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear, thick, 
rather obtuse: achenes finely pubescent. 
In dry or stony soil, Illinois and Missouri to Louisiana and Texas. Also in middle North Carolina. 
Summer and fall. 
74. Solidago Drummóndii T. & G. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, softly pubescent, mostly 
‘zigzag, sometimes branched: leaves not numerous ; blades thinnish, sparingly pubescent, 
those of the basal and lower cauline early disappearing, those of the upper cauline oval to 
-ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-8 cm. long, acute, or slightly acuminate, rather sharply serrate, 
narrowed in short petiole-like bases: heads rather numerous, secund and approximate on 
‘the often recurved pubescent branches of the one-sided panicle: involucres narrowly cam- 
panulate, about 3 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts mainly oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, 
somewhat keeled on the back : achenes pubescent. 
In rocky soil, Illinois to Missouri and Louisiana. Fall. 
39. BRACHYCHAETA T. & G. 
Perennial pubescent herbs, resembling species of Solidago. Leaves alternate: blades 
broad, toothed, those of the basal leaves often ample and long-petioled, those of the upper 
stem-leaves short-petioled or sessile. Heads numerous, radiate, thyrsoid. Involucres nar- 
row, few-flowered : bracts leathery, the inner successively longer. Receptaclenaked. Ray- 
flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect. Corollas yellow. Anthers obtuse at the base. 
Stigmas with lanceolate appendages. Achenes 8-10-ribbed. Pappus a row of scale-like 
‘bristles shorter than the achene. FALSE GOLDENROD. 
1. Brachychaeta sphacelàta (Raf.) Britton. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, finely pubescent, 
narrowly or widely paniculate above: leaves various; blades thin, those of the basal and 
lower cauline leaves orbicular-ovate to ovate, 6-10 cm. long, coarsely toothed, truncate or 
‘subcordate at the base, long-petioled, those of the upper cauline leaves ovate to oval or 
‘elliptic, sessile or with short petiole-like bases, all slightly acuminate : heads numerous, 1n 
small clusters on one side of the branches : involucres 3.5-4 mm. high, cylindric, the inner 
bracts obtuse. 
In woods, Virginia to Indiana, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
40. BÉLLIS L. 
Annual or perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes all 
basal: blades commonly broadest above the middle, entire or toothed. Heads radiate, 
solitary or several, terminating branches. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispheric ; 
bracts narrow, herbaceous, in 1 or 2 series, nearly equal in length. Receptacle conic ed 
convex, naked. Ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, with white, pink, purple or violet ligules. 
Disk-flowers perfect, with yellow corollas. Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas with trian- 
gular appendages. Achenes flattened, with nerves near the margins. Pappus wanting OF 
obsolete. Daisy. 
1. Bellis integrifdlia Michx. Annual or biennial, pubescent. Stems 0.5-4 dm. z 
sometimes much branched. Leaf-blades spatulate to oblong, 1-4 cm. long, entire, t : 
lower ones petioled, the upper sessile : peduncles slender: involucral bracts ohing tin 
late, 2.5-3 mm. long, acuminate, scarious-margined : ray-flowers many, with pale purp 
or pale violet ligules 6-14 mm. long. 
In low grounds, Kentucky and Arkansas, south to Tennessee and Texas. Spring and summer. 
