1222 CARDUACEAE 
involucre hemispheric to campanulate ; bracts linear, acute, green, somewhat spreading, 
in 3—5 series, the outer shorter: ray-flowers 15-25 ; ligules violet, 8-10 mm. long : pappus 
whitish : achenes glabrous or nearly so. . 
In swamps, mainly near the coast, Newfoundland to Maine and Alabama. Summer and fall.— 
A. Novi-Belgii litóreus A. Gray, is low and spreading, more or less fleshy, much branched : leaf-blades 
shorter and broader, thickish, acute, 3-6 cm. long: principal bracts of the involucre obtuse, loose, 
spatulate. Along salt marshes, Prince Edward Island and Quebec to Georgia.—4. Novi-Belgii Atlànti- 
cus Burgess, has leaf-blades lanceolate, tapering from the middleto an acuminate base and apex, some- 
times 25 mm. wide: heads usually fewer: inflorescence racemose-corymbose. In shaded swamps. Mas- 
sachusetts to North Carolina. 
63. Aster elódes T. & G. Tall, slender, smooth, little-branched plants: stem ter- 
ete, 7 dm. high or less, pale and reddened : leaf-blades narrowly linear, entire, shining and 
firm, smooth and coriaceous when dry, 5-15 cm. long, often not more than 1 cm. broad, 
scarcely clasping by the contracted sessile base, divaricately spreading and becoming de- 
flexed ; rameal leaves very numerous, approximate, oblong-oval to linear, divaricate-re- 
curvate, with abruptly contracted base and apex, diminished to 1 cm. long on the pedi- 
cels: leaves (especially the rameal) with their margins hardened, thickened, minutely 
spinulose and revolute: inflorescence loosely panicled, with domed, flattened or irregular 
top: heads often approximate ; chief bracts closely imbricated, rigid, erect, their tips lan- 
ceolate, erect or spreading, with pale or purple margin ; some green spreading foliaceous 
outer bracts occur, but they are usually few or inconspicuous. 
In swamps, especially in pine lands, Massachusetts to North Carolina. Summer and fall. 
64. Aster seríceus Vent. Stem 3-6 dm. high, slender, paniculately or corymbosely 
branched, stiff, glabrous, leafy : basal and lowest leaves oblanceolate, narrowed into mar- 
gined petioles; cauline leaves sessile, with a broad base, oblong, entire, mucronate, 1-4 
cm. Jong, erect or ascending, with a dense silvery-white silky pubescence on both sides: 
heads numerous, about 35 mm. broad: involucre turbinate ; bracts oblong, or the inner 
lanceolate, canescent, imbricated in 3 or 4 series, their tips green, acute, spreading: ray- 
flowers 15-25 ; ligules reddish violet, becoming violet-blue, 12-16 mm. ong: pappus 
tawny : achenes glabrous. 
In dry open soil, Manitoba to Illinois, Minnesota, south to Tennessee, Kansas and Texas. Late 
summer and fall. 
65. Aster phyllólepis T. & G. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, more or less canescent, com- 
monly with a few simple slender branches: leaves various, the basal with oblong or oblong- 
spatulate blades narrowed at the base, the cauline rather approximate but often early 
deciduous ; blades lanceolate, oblong or linear-oblong, 1-3 cm. long, acute or obtusish, Or 
those on the branches cuspidate-acuminate, entire or nearly so, rough-pubescent, sessile : 
heads solitary, or few in clusters: involucres 6-7 mm. high; bracts various, the outer re- 
sembling the upper leaves, with ovate or ovate-lanceolate cuspidate-acuminate green blades, 
the inner linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate : ray-flowers 16-26 ; ligules 1-1.5 cm. long, 
violet: achenes glabrous. Resembles A. sericeus Vent. ; but the heads and branches more 
approximated, the leaf-bases more narrow. 
Insandy woods. Louisiana and Texas. Fall. 
66. Aster cóncolor L. Stem 3-7 dm. high, leafy, simple, or with few erect 
branches : leaf-blades oblong or linear-oblong, finely and densely canescent on both sides, 
or the lower glabrate, sessile, obtuse or mucronate, 4-5 cm. long: heads in an elongated 
narrow raceme resembling that of species of Laciniaria: involucre broadly turbinate ; 
bracts linear or linear-oblong, appressed, canescent, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, their Fus 
green, acute, the outer shorter: ray-flowers 10-15; ligules lilac, drying violet-blue, S 
mm. long: pappus tawny: achenes villous. Resembles A. sericeus Vent. ; but more wand- 
like and spicate, and more canescent than silky. : : 
ln dry sandy soil, mainly near the coast, Massachusetts and Rhode Island to Florida and Louis- 
iana. Late summer and fall. 
67. Aster adnàtus Nutt. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, hispidulous, virgately more `i ptas 
branched, especially above : leaves various, the basal few, with obovate thinnish blades 
1.5-2.5 cm. long, the cauline very numerous, approximate on the lower part of the stem, 
more or less imbricated above and on the branches ; blades oblong to lanceolate, ene 
long, firm, scabrous, erect and adnate to the stem and branches, sessile: heads on i 
few, scattered, singly terminating the scaly branchlets: involucres 4~6 mm. high ; 8 usd 
linear or slightly broadened upward, the dark green tips slightly spreading: ray- saei 
numerous ; ligules 7-10 mm. long, violet: achenes glabrous. Remarkable among aste 
in its minute adnate scale-like leaves. 
In dry pine lands, Georgia, Florida and Alabama. Fall. 
68. Aster squarrdsus Walt. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, loosely branched above or prape E 
out, nearly glabrous : leaves very numerous, the basal spatulate to cuneate, enure, 
