CARDUACEAE 1225 
In dry or moist soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario, North Carolina and Alabama to Arkansas, Louisiana 
and Texas. Late summer and fall.—The following forms are distinguishable: A. lateriflorus glom- 
eréllus (T. & G.) Burgess: chiefly unbranched; leaves hispidulous above, oblong-lanceolate, dull 
green, the teeth very sharp and straight; heads glomerate in the axils or spicate above, or scattered 
upon short branches. Woodlands, New York to North Carolina. A. lateriflorus thyrsoideus (A. Gray) 
Sheldon : ashy-pubescent; leaves ovate to lanceolate; branches ascending, bearing crowded or thyr- 
soid-paniculate heads. Open thickets, New York and Ontario to Illinois and Tennessee. A. lateriflo- 
rus horizontàlis (Desf.) Burgess: branches long, divaricate or widely spreading; leaves firm, subsuc- 
culent, those of the branches very small, mostly entire ; heads very numerous. Southern New York 
to Virginia and Arkansas. A. /ateriflorus péndulus (Ait.) Burgess: leaves narrower, linear-elliptic, 
conspicuously drooping, remotely appressed-serrulate; branches long, slender, horizontal or becoming 
pendulous; heads long-peduncled. Thickets, New York to North Carolina and Alabama. 
81. Aster hirsuticaülis Lindl. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, slender, erect, pubescent, nearly 
or quite to the base ; branches usually short, spreading or ascending : leaf-blades thin, gla- 
brous above, usually densely pubescent on the midvein beneath, serrate with a few appressed 
teeth, or entire, of linear type, sometimes 15 cm. long, sessile or the basal ones spatulate 
and petioled : heads more or less secund on the branches, chiefly loosely clustered, often 
also solitary or few in the lower axils: involucre narrow ; bracts of the involucre in 3 or 4 
series, linear-lanceolate, acuminate or acute: ray-flowers several, white; ligules about 4 
mm. long, narrow. Unlike A. lateriflorus in its hirsute stem and its long linear straight- 
sided leaf-blades which are hirsute on the midrib beneath. 
In woods and thickets, Maine to Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Late summer and fall. 
82. Aster spatellifórmis Burgess. Stem much branched, glabrous, 6 dm. high 
or more: leaf-blades dull green and crenate, thickish, glabrous, the upper surface usually 
finely impressed with reticular veins: leaf-form suggesting a small rounded spatula, 
oval with a rounded apex, tapering into a short entire cuneate-winged petiole ; basal and 
rameal leaves as well as cauline all of nearly the same type, 5x3 cm. or less; the axiles 
half as large and oval-oblong, with a short cuneate base ; the rameals half as large as the 
axiles, but very uniform, numerous and characteristic: heads small, scattered along the 
prolonged or sarmentose branches, usually short-pedicelled: bracts rigid, linear, with 
whitish sides and acute apex, the narrow dark green tips lance-triangular. Differs from A. 
lateriflorus in leaf-form, etc. 
Near swamps, Jacksonville, Florida. Fall. 
83. Aster ericoides L. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or very nearly so, paniculately 
branched, usually bushy, the branches racemose, and the branchlets often somewhat secund : 
leaf-blades firm or rigid, those of the basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, dentate, narrowed into 
margined petioles, glabrous or ciliate, those of the cauline leaves narrowly linear, acute, 
entire, 2-7 cm. long, those of the branches linear-subulate, numerous : heads usually very 
numerous, 8-12 mm. broad: involucre campanulate to hemispheric; bracts coriaceous, 
closely appressed, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, abruptly acute or acuminate, green-tipped, 
rendi dd in about 3 series: ray-flowers 15-25 ; ligules white, or purplish-tinged : pappus 
white : achenes finely pubescent. 
In dry soil, Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin, Florida and Kentucky. Fall and winter.—The fol- 
lowing forms are distinguishable: A. ericoides pilósus ( Willd.) Porter: stem, branches and often the 
leaves villous-hirsute ; leaf-blades linear-lanceoate. Ontario to Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia 
and Mississippi, Minnesota and Missouri. Spreading as a weed in cultivated soil, Ohio to Illinois. A. 
ericoides platyphyllus T. & G. densely villous-hirsute ; blades of the stem-leaves much broader, lan- 
ceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long. Indiana to North Carolina and Georgia. A. ericoides Ree- 
vésii A. Gray : rigid, stout, nearly glabrous; heads and rays larger; bracts and their lanceolate green 
tips apt to be falcately montol. Tennessee. 
84. Aster juniperinus Burgess. Stem robust, brittle, glabrous, pale brown, about 6 
dm. high, the branches numerous, prolonged, chiefly horizontal and parallel, sometimes 4 
dm. long: cauline leaves dull green; blades thin, linear-biacuminate, 10 x 1 cm.; rameal 
and ramular leaves subulate and all nearly alike, wide-spreading, juniper-like, greatly 
reduced and very numerous and crowded, diminishing rapidly on the elongated pedicels 
and passing insensibly into the small spreading green outer bracts of the broad hemispheri- 
cal head ; the other baits longer and broader, linear with triangular-acuminate summit, 
coriaceous and very smooth, bright white except the broadly deltoid sharp-angled green 
tip: heads small: rays white: disk turning reddish brown. Unlike its congener A. eri- 
coides in its numerous heads solitary on long branches or branchlets. Unlike A. Fazoni in 
its tendency to divaricate, not corymbose, branching. 
In loose sandy soil, in the sun, Maryland to Alabama. Late summer and fall. 
85. Aster Faxóni Porter. Stem 6-15 dm. high, glabrous throughout, paniculately 
or corymbosely branched, rather stout : cauline leaves various ; blades lanceolate or linear- 
lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, acute, or acuminate, narrowed to a sessile base or those of the 
lower ones into margined petioles, entire or nearly so, firm, those of the branches gradually 
smaller: basal leaves with oblong to spatulate, obtuse, dentate blades: heads 12-18 mm. 
broad: involucre hemispheric, nearly 8 mm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute or subu- 
