CARDUACEAE 1229 
various, those of the lower leaves 2-7 cm. long, 2-3-pinnatifid, those of the upper leaves 
smaller, and l-pinnatifid or merely toothed : heads showy : involucre hemispheric, 8-12 
mm. high ; bracts mainly linear, glandular, with spreading green tips: ray-flowers 15-25, 
with ligules 10-16 mm. long. 
In dry soil, Nebraska to California, Texas and Mexico. Summer. 
53. ERÍGERON L. 
Annual, biennial or perennial caulescent or almost scapose herbs. Leaves alternate : 
blades flat, entire or toothed. Heads conspicuously radiate, often showy, solitary or vari- 
ously disposed. Involucres broad: bracts narrow, in 1-2 series, nearly equal, reflexed at 
maturity. Receptaclenearly flat, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, with narrow white pink violet 
or purple ligules. Disk-towers perfect, with yellow corollas. Anthers entire and obtuse 
at the base. Stigmas flattened, with obtuse appendages. Achenes flattened, usually 2- 
nerved. Pappus a single series of hair-like, or scabrous bristles, or sometimes with a series 
of shorter bristles without. FLEABANE. 
Plants perennial by offsets, stolons or creeping stems. 
Ray-flowers much fewer than 100. 
Leaves glabrous: bracts of the involucre 3-4 mm. long: ligules of the dod re 4-6 mm. long. 
. E. vernus. 
Leaves pubescent: bracts of the involucre 5-7 mm. long: ligules of the zay- 
flowers 10-15 mm. long. 2. E. pulchellus. 
Ray-flowers 100 or more. 
Stems decumbent or creeping. , : 
Longer involucral bracts over 6 mm. long: leaf-blades coarsely crenate. 3. E. myrionactis. 
Longer involucral bracts less than 6 mm. long: leaf-blades coarsely ser- 
rate. 4. E. repens. 
Stems erect. i 
Longer involucral bracts less than 4 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flow- 
ers less than 5 mm. long. ; 5. E. quercifolius. 
Longer involucral bracts over 4 mm. long: lígules of the ray-flowers j : 
over 5 mm. long. 6. E. Philadelphicus. 
Plants annual or biennial. 
Leaf-blades entire, toothed or lobed. 
Lower leaves with entire blades. 7. E. Bellidiastrum. 
Lower leaves with toothed or lobed blades. i 
Heads solitary. terminating long peduncles. 8. E. nudiflorus. 
Heads in terminal cory mbs. : 
Pappus of the ray- and disk-flowers alike. 9. E. tenuis. 
Pappe of the ray- and disk-flowers unlike. : UN. 
pper stem-leaves with entire blades: ray-flowers with white lig- 
ules. 10. E. ramosus. 
Upper stem-leaves with sharply-toothed blades: ray-flowers with 
pink ligules. 11. E. annuus. 
Leaf-blades pinnately parted. 12. E. Neo-Mexicanus, 
1. Erigeron vérnus (L.) T. & G. Perennial, by stolons or offsets, glabrous or 
slightly pubescent above. Stems scape-like, solitary or tufted, 1-6 dm. tall, corymbosely 
branched above, 1-6 dm. tall: leaves mainly basal; blades somewhat fleshy, glabrous, 
spatulate, elliptic-oblong, or oval, entire or repand, petioled, or those of the stem reduced 
to linear or subulate scales: heads not showy : involucres about 3 mm. high ; bracts linear 
or nearly so, acute, usually pubescent: ray-flowers 20-30, with white or pink ligules 4-6 
mm. long. [E. nudicaulis Michx. ] 
In sand near the coast, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Spring and summer. 
2. Erigeron pulchéllus Michx. Perennial, by stolons and offsets, villous or hirsute- 
villous. Stems usually solitary, 1-5 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched : leaves mainly 
basal ; blades spatulate, obovate or elliptic, 3-12 cm. long, entire or toothed, pubescent, or 
those of the stem-leaves oblanceolate, oblong or lanceolate : heads solitary or few, showy : 
involucres 6-8 mm. high ; bracts linear or nearly so, acute or acuminate: ray-flowers nu- 
merous, with violet or bluish purple ligules 1-1.5 cm. long. [E. bellidifolius Muhl.] 
: In open woods and on hillsides, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Florida and Louisiana. Spring. 
. 3. Erigeron myrionáctis Small. Perennial, strigose with white or whitish hairs, 
Sometimes almost acaulescent. Stems short, creeping: leaves clustered or approximate ; 
blades oval, 1-3 cm. long, crenate or serrate-crenate with few teeth, rather cuneately nar- 
rowed into broad petioles: peduncles 6-10 cm. long, simple: heads few, rather showy : 
involucres hispid, 3-4 mm. high ; bracts narrowly linear, attenuate: ray-flowers exceed- 
ingly numerous, with white or pink ligules 6-7 mm. long. 
In sandy soil, about Corpus Christi Bay, Texas. Spring. 
4. Erigeron répens A. Gray. Perennial, gray-pubescent. Stems at first very short, 
oming several em. long and decumbent: leaves not approximate; blades narrowly or 
