1230 CARDUACEAE 
broadly spatulate, 1-4 cm. long, coarsely toothed, cuneately narrowed into the margined 
petioles: peduncles often scape-like, 4-5 cm. long: heads solitary: involucres 4-6 mm. 
high ; bracts linear-subulate, slender-tipped : ray-flowers numerous, with white ligules 
about 6 mm. long. 
On sandy coasts, Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 
5. Erigeron quercifólius Lam. Perennial, more or less hoary-pubescent. Stems 
1-7 dm. tall, solitary or several together, usually branched above: basal and lower stem- 
leaves with oblanceolate, spatulate or oblong pinnatifid or sinuate-pinnatifid blades 4-12 
cm. long, narrowed into margined petioles; upper stem-leaves few, with oblong or lanceo- 
late blades: heads rather few, relatively small, but showy : involucres 2-4 mm. high; 
bracts linear or nearly so, acute or prolonged into slender tips: ray-flowers numerous ; 
ligules purplish, blue or white, 3-4 mm. long. 
In pine woods, South Carolina to Tennessee, Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 
6. Erigeron Philadélphicus L. Perennial, softly hirsute. Stems 1-12 dm. tall, 
solitary or loosely tufted, more or less branched above : basal and lower stem-leaves with 
spatulate or oblong entire or coarsely toothed blades 3-15 em. long ; upper stem-leaves with 
oblanceolate, oblong, fiddle-shaped or lanceolate half-clasping blades : heads relatively few, 
showy : involucres 3-4 mm. high; bracts linear or nearly so, acute: ray-flowers 100 or 
more ; ligules bright pink to white, 5-8 mm. long. 
In thickets and fields, nearly throughout North America, but locally rare. Spring and summer. 
7. Erigeron Bellidiástrum Nutt. Annual, finely but rather roughly pubescent. 
Stems 1-5 dm. tall, simple and erect, or diffusely branched from the base: leaf-blades 
spatulate to linear, 1-3 cm. long, entire or some of the lower ones 3-toothed : heads several 
or numerous: involucres 2~3 mm. high: bracts hispidulous, the outer green, the inner 
scarious-margined : ray-flowers 40-70 ; ligules light purple or almost white. 
On low plains or prairies, Nebraska to Texas and New Mexico. Spring to fall. 
8. Erigeron nudifldrus Buckl. Annual, finely hispid. Stems branched at the base, 
the branches more or less spreading, 1-3 dm. long: leaves various, those of the basal and 
lower stem-leaves with spatulate coarsely toothed blades 2-3 cm. long and slender-petioled ; 
upper stem-leaves mostly entire : heads few, slender-peduncled : involucres 1-1.5 cm. broad ; 
bracts scarious-margined, hispidulous : ray-flowers very numerous ; ligules pink or whitish, 
5-6 mm. long. 
In dry soil or on rocky bluffs, Arkansas to Texas. Spring. 2 
9. Erigeron ténuis T. & G. Annual or biennial, gray-pubescent or finely hirsute. 
Stems 1-3 dm. tall, simple and erect or somewhat widely branched at the base, corymbose 
above : leaf-blades oblanceolate to oblong or lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, sinuate-lobed or en- 
tire : involucres 2-3 mm. high ; bracts linear or subulate-linear, acute : ray-flowers numer- 
ous ; ligules white or purplish. 
In low grounds, Arkansas to Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 
10. Erigeron ramósus ( Walt.) B.S.P. Annual or biennial, roughish pubescent. 
Stems 2-10 dm. tall, sometimes clustered, branching above : leaf-blades spatulate or oblong 
to linear, the lower ones commonly toothed and long-petioled, the upper ones usually entire: 
heads generally numerous: involucres 2-3 mm. high; bracts linear, acute or acuminate, 
scarious-margined : ray-flowers numerous ; ligules white or rarely pale pink, 4-7 mm. long. 
[ E. strigosus Muhl.] 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory, Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 
11. Erigeron ánnuus (L.) Pers. Annual or biennial, hirsute or glabrate. Stems 
3-12 dm. tall, more or less branched above: leaf-blades oval, oblong or lanceolate, 4-10 
cm. long, mostly coarsely toothed or incised, the lower ones with winged petioles : heads 
sometimes numerous: involucres 3-4 mm. high; bracts linear to linear-spatulate : ray- 
flowers numerous ; ligules pink or purplish, or rarely white, 5-8 mm. long. 
In fields and open places, Nova Scotia to Alaska, Georgia and Missouri. Spring to fall. : 
12. Erigeron Neo-Mexicànus A. Gray. Mostly biennial, 1-6 dm. tall. Stem his- 
pid or hispidulous : leaf-blades pinnately parted into 3-9 narrow segments : heads solitary 
or usually corymbose : involucres 3.5-4.5 mm. high ; bracts acuminate, pubescent : ray- 
flowers with narrow white or purple-tinged ligules 8-10 mm. long. 
In dry soil or on hillsides, Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. Summer and fall. 
54. LÉPTILON Raf. 
Annual or biennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire, = 
sparingly toothed. Heads small, radiate or discoid. Involucres usually campanulate : 
bracts several, in 2-3 series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers few, pistillate, with short white 
