CARDUACEAE 1233 
b. Leaf-blades linear or nearly so. 
Leaf-blades entire. 4. B. angustifolia. 
Leaf-blades toothed. 
Achenes 10-nerved: pappus of the pistillate heads conspicuously elongated. 5. B. neglecta. 
Achenes 5-nerved: pappus of the pistillate heads barely elongated. 6. B. glutinosa. 
1. Baccharis Texàna (T. & G.) A. Gray. Foliage glabrous. Stems 2-9 dm. tall, 
rigid, branched: leaves numerous ; blades firm, linear, 1-5 cm. long, acute, entire, sessile : 
heads rather few, corymbose : involucres campanulate ; staminate 5 mm. high, with oblong- 
lanceolate to linear bracts; pistillate 8-10 mm. high, with lanceolate to linear acute bracts, 
the outer sparingly glandular: pappus twice or thrice as long as the involucre, that of 
the pistillate flowers in several series : achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so. 
On dry prairies, Texas. Summer. 
2. Baccharis halimifólia L. A much-branched shrub 1-4 m. tall, with resinous 
foliage. Leaves numerous; blades leathery, suborbicular to oblong or linear-elliptic, 
coarsely toothed or the upper ones entire: heads numerous, in peduncled clusters of 3-5: 
involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 5 mm. high, with oblong or linear obtuse 
bracts ; pistillate ovoid, 6 mm. high, with ovate to linear-oblong bracts, the outer obtuse, 
the inner acute: pappus of the pistillate heads about twice as long as the involucre: 
achenes 1 mm. long, ribbed. 
Along the coast or rarely inland, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 
3. Baccharis glomeruliflóra Pers. A branching shrub 1-3 m. tall, with light green 
barely resinous foliage. Leaves rather few ; blades leathery, spatulate to cuneate-obovate, 
2-5 cm. long, entire, or sharply toothed above the middle : heads solitary and sessile in the 
upper axils or few in sessile or short-peduncled clusters : involucres various ; staminate 
campanulate, 4 mm. high, with ovate to oblong-ovate obtuse bracts ; pistillate ovoid, 5-6 
mm. high, with ovate to oblong obtuse bracts: pappus barely twice as long as the in- 
volucre : achenes 1.5 mm. long. 
In and about pine-land swamps, North Carolina to Florida. Fall and winter. 
4. Baccharis angustifólia Michx. A much-branched shrub 1-2.5 m. tall, with 
resinous foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades leathery, linear, 1-8 cm. long, entire or nearly 
80, acute, sessile: heads numerous, solitary on short peduncles or 2-4 in peduncled clusters : 
involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 2.5 mm. high, with ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 
obtuse bracts ; pistillate oblong to ovoid, 4-5 mm. high, with ovate to almost linear obtuse 
or acutish bracts : pappus nearly twice as long as the involucre: achenes about 1 mm. long. 
In brackish marshes, North Carolina to Florida and Texas. Fall. 
5. Baccharis neglécta Britton. A branching shrub several dm. tall, with light 
green foliage. Leaves numerous; blades linear, 2-10 cm. long, acute, remotely toothed, 
sessile or short-petioled : heads numerous: involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 4 
mm. high, with oblong to oblong-lanceolate obtuse bracts ; pistillate ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 
4mm. high, with ovate to lanceolate acute bracts: pappus of the pistillate heads conspic- 
uously elongated : achenes 1.5 mm. long. . 
On plains or prairies, Nebraska to Texas and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
6. Baccharis glutinósa Pers. A branching shrub 1-3 m. tall, with resinous-coated 
foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades linear, acute or acuminate, remotely serrate with shar 
or blunt teeth : heads numerous : involucres various ; staminate oblong, 3.5 mm. high, wit 
ovate to linear obtuse or acute bracts ; pistillate ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 5 mm. high, with 
ovate to narrowly linear-lanceolate acute or acutish ciliate bracts: pappus of the pistillate 
heads barely elongated. 
In moist soil, Texas to California and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
58. FILAGO L. 
Annual or sometimes perennial caulescent herbs, with white-woolly foliage. Leaves 
alternate: blades entire, commonly narrow. Heads discoid, in dense clusters. Involucres 
woolly: bracts few, scarious or sometimes herbaceous, in several series. Receptacle high 
orconic, chaffy. Pistillate flowers marginal, fruit-producing, with filiform corollas. Perfect 
flowers few, mostly not fruit-producing, with tubular corollas. Anthers sagittate, the auri- 
cles acuminate. Pappus wanting. [Hvax Gaertn. ] 
Flower-clusters less than 1 cm. broad : involucres campanulate: staminate flowers with a vestige of a 
pistil. ; 1. F. nivea. 
Flower-clusters over 1 em. broad : involucres fusiform or cylindric : staminate flowers : 
with abortive pistils. 2. F. prolifera. 
l. Filago nivea Small. Stems simple and erect or much branched from the base, 
2-15 em. tall. Leaf-blades oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 5-12 mm. long, obtuse, entire, 
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