1236 CARDUACEAE 
coid, sessile, usually densely crowded. Involucres rather narrow, densely flowered : bracts 
narrow, few, in few series, mostly deciduous at maturity. Receptacle naked, sometimes 
merely pubescent. Pistillate flowers marginal, fruit-producing, with slender corollas, Per- 
fect flowers central, mostly not fruit-producing, with tubular corollas. Anthers sagittate, 
the auricles tailed. Stigmas united or distinct. Achenes 4-5-angled, pubescent. Pappus 
a single series of equal hair-like bristles. [Pterocaulon Ell.] BrLACK-ROOT. 
Blades of the upper leaves of a linear type: panicle of more or less remote heads or eene S 
. C. virgatus. 
Blades of the upper leaves of an oblong or lanceolate type : panicle continuous, thick 
and dense. 2. C. undulatus, 
1. Chaenolobus virgatus (L.) Cass. Stems 4-11 dm. tall, from fusiform rootstocks, 
simple or virgately branched. Leaf-blades linear or sometimes lanceolate below, 2-13 cm. 
long, acute, serrulate : spikes peduncled : involucres 2.5 mm. high: bracts linear or nearly 
so, acute or acuminate, villous-cottony. [Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.] 
In dry soil, Texas and Mexico. Also in the West Indies. 
2. Chaenolobus undulatus ( Walt.) Small. Stems 2-7 dm. tall from fusiform some- 
times clustered rootstocks, white-tomentose, usually simple. Leaf-blades oblong to lanceo- 
late or rarely narrower, 4-12 em. long, acute, undulate, decurrent on the stem as glabrous 
wings: spikes stout, simple or compound, 2-10 cm. long: involuecres hemispheric or cam- 
panulate, 4 mm. high ; bracts linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with straight 
ae hairs on the back. [Gnaphalium undulatum Walt. Pterocaulon pyenostachywm (Michx) 
IEJ 
In sandy pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. Spring and summer, 
63. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. 
Perennial woolly and sometimes partially glandular herbs, stoloniferous, at least in 
our species. Leaves alternate, the basal forming a rosette and persistent through the 
winter, the cauline much smaller than the basal: blades entire. Heads relatively small, 
discoid, usually in terminal corymbs. Involucre many-flowered : bracts imbricated in sev- 
eral series, scarious, the outer somewhat petaloid, appressed. Receptacle flat or convex, 
not chaffy. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Staminate flowers crowded: corolla trun- 
cate or nearly so: anthers caudate: style and pappus rudimentary, the latter of thickened 
bristles. Pistillate or perfect flowers with slender 5-lobed corollas and pappus of smooth 
capillary bristles slightly united at the base. Achenes oblong, terete or nearly so. The 
staminate plants are less common than the pistillate. EVERLASTING. 
Stolons assurgent, leafy : heads ecorymbose. 
Blad h leav : i dually to th tiole-like base. à 
es of the basal leaves oblong to obovate, tapering gradually to the pe 1. A. plantaginifolia. 
Blades of the basal leaves rhombic-ovate, rather abruptly contracted at the base. 2. A. calophylla. 
Stolons procumbent, nearly leafless: head solitary. 3. A. solitaria. 
1. Antennaria plantaginifólia (L.) Richards. Plants gregarious, woolly throughout 
when young, the upper surface of the basal leaves glabrate in age. Flowering stems 1 
em. tall, or those of the staminate plants shorter : stolons assurgent, leafy, sometimes y 
em. long: basal leaves and those at the tips of the stolons, with oblong or obovate dis- 
tinctly 3-ribbed mucronate blades 3-5 cm. long, tapering gradually into petioles of about 
the same length : cauline leaves erect, or nearly so; blades lanceolate, acute, sessile, those 
of the lower 2-3 em. long, the upper considerably reduced and distant: heads few to "E 
eral: involucres, before expanded, about 6 mm. high; bracts pale green, except the 
whitish subacute tips : achenes minutely glandular. : 
Usually in dry woods, Ontario to Georgia and Texas. Rare in the coastal plain.—A. nemoralis 
Bu eripe from specimens from eastern Tennessee, can hardly be separated from this species. 
pring. 
2. Antennaria calophylla Greene. Similar to the preceding species in habit, but 
usually larger, at least southward; readily distinguished by the thick rhombic-ovate 
blades of the basal leaves which are broadest near the base, and by the broader spreading 
cauline leaves. 
In woods or dry soil, Illinois and Missouri to Georgia and Louisiana. Spring. 
3. Antennaria solitària Rydb. Plants less woolly than those of the preceding 
species, the upper surface of the basal leaves soon glabrous. Flowering stems i~ p ^ 
tall: stolons procumbent, elongated, sometimes 15-30 cm. long, nearly leafless excep 
! Contributed by Mr. Roland M. Harper. 
