CARDUACEAE 1239 
nate, tomentose beneath, sessile or the upper clasping: heads showy, on stout peduncles : 
involucres 1-1.5 em. long: bracts ovate to oblong or spatulate, acutish or obtuse, tomentose 
without: ray-flowers numerous ; ligules narrowly linear, 2-3 cm. long: achenes 4-5 mm. 
long. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Minnesota, North Carolina and Missouri. Summer. 
68. POLYMNIA L. 
Perennial large caulescent herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite or mainly so: 
blades membranous, toothed, angled or usually lobed, petioled. Heads usually radiate. 
Involucres many-flowered, double, an outer of about 5 loose bracts and an inner of as many 
or more thin bracts subtending but not embracing the adjacent achenes. Receptacle flat. 
Ray-flowers with short pubescent tubes and white or yellow ligules which are sometimes 
very small. Disk-flowers not fruit-producing, subtended by chaffy bractlets. Anthers 2- 
toothed at the base. Achenes swollen, relatively short, glabrous. Pappus wanting. The 
plants flower in summer and fall. LEAF-CUP. 
Leaf-blades palmately lobed or angled: ray-flowers with yellow ligules: achenes prone A ar 
. P. Uvedalia. 
Leaf-blades pinnately lobed : ray-flowers with white, often small, ligules : achenes 3- 
5-ribbed or angled. 
Foliage manifestly or copiously pubescent : achenes 3-ribbed or angled. 
Ray-flowers conspicuous: ligules 5-10 mm. long. 2. P. radiata. . 
Ray-flowers inconspicuous: ligules 1-2 mm. long. : 3. P. Canadensis, 
Foliage glabrous or the stem with merely puberulent nodes: achenes 5-ribbed. 4. P. laevigata. 
1. Polymnia Uvedalia L. Stems 1-3 m. tall, commonly tufted, pubescent or nearly 
glabrous: leaf-blades 1-5 dm. in diameter, 3-5-lobed or angled, decurrent on the short 
petioles, which are often fully 4 as long as the blades: outer bracts of the involucre ovate to 
elliptic, 9-14 cm. long, obtuse, mucronulate or notched, ciliate: ray-flowers 10-14; ligules 
yellow, linear-oblong to elliptic, 1.5-2 cm. long: disk yellow: achenes obovoid, black, 
5-6 mm. long, laterally flattened, prominently striate, bluntly apiculate. 
In moist soil or thickets, New York to Missouri, Florida and Texas. 
2. Polymnia radiata (A. Gray) Small. Stems 0.5-1.5 m. tall, viscid-pubescent, 
somewhat branched : leaf-blades oblong to oval or oblong-ovate, 1.5-3 dm. long, acute or 
acuminate, pinnately lobed : outer bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 
9-12 mm. long, acute or acuminate, glandular-pubescent and ciliate: ray-flowers few ; 
ligules white, conspicuous, cuneate to oval-cuneate, 5-10 mm. long, 3-lobed: achenes 
oblong-obovoid, nearly 5 mm. long, with 3 sharply margined angles. 
On damp hillsides, New York to Wisconsin, Georgia and Missouri. 
3. Polymnia Canadénsis L. Stems branching, 0.5-1.5 m. tall, viscid-hirsute : leaf- 
blades 1-2 dm. long, oblong, oval or ovate, mainly pinnately lobed, the lobes toothed or 
sinuate : heads drooping : outer bracts of the involucres lanceolate, pubescent : ray-flowers 
few ; ligules inconspicuous, whitish or greenish, suborbicular to orbicular-reniform, 1-2 
opm IDE or shorter, slightly 3-lobed: achenes obovoid, about 3 mm. long, obtusely 
-angled. 
In thickets and on damp hillsides, Ontario to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. 
4. Polymnia laevigata Beadle. Stems 0.5-1 m. tall, branching, glabrous or merely 
uberulent at the nodes: leaf-blades thin, the lower ones oval, pnis 5-7-lobed, the. 
obes acuminate; upper ones deltoid, laciniate-dentate or repand, all slender-petioled : 
heads nodding: outer bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate : ray-flowers 3-5: ligules 
white, 2-3 mm. long, 3-lobed : disk light yellow: achenes 5-ribbed. 
On hillsides, Tennessee and Georgia. Summer. 
69. MELAMPODIUM L. 
Annual or perennial small caulescent herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite : 
blades often narrow, thickish, entire, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads radiate, sometimes 
conspicuous. Involucre double, the outer of 4-5 partially united flat bracts, the inner of a 
series of bracts, each embracing an achene and deciduous with it, but unarmed. Recep- 
tacle convex or conic. Ray-flowers in 1 series, pistillate : ligules white or yellow. Disk- 
flowers perfect but not fruit-producing. Anthers entire at the base. Achenes broadened 
upward, somewhat incurved. Pappus wanting. The plants flower mainly in the spring 
and summer. 
Leaf-blades entire: ray-flowers with ligules 8-10 mm. long. 1. M. cinereum. 
Leaf-blades pinnatifid - ray-flowers with ligules about 5 mm. long. 2. M. ramosissimum. 
