CARDUACEAE 1253 
linear-lanceolate, 3-15 em. long, acute, entire: heads showy: involucres flattish in age ; 
bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-subulate, 6-10 mm. long, serrulate with 
spine-like teeth : receptacle conic, becoming columnar: ray-flowers 5-8 ; ligules golden 
yellow to light orange, 1-2 cm. long: achenes obovoid, turgid, 3 mm. long, striate. i 
On granite rocks, Stone Mountain and vicinity, Georgia. Summer and fall. 
2. Gymnolomia tenuifòlia (A. Gray) B. & H. Perennial, shrubby. Stems 5-10 
dm. tall, scabrous-puberulent, much branched : leaves numerous, the lower alternate, the 
upper opposite ; blades 3-10 cm. long, pinnately or pedately 3-7-parted, the segments nar- 
rowly linear: peduncles 5-15 cm. long: heads rather showy : involucres nearly hemis- 
pheric, 4-5 mm. high ; bracts various, the outer with a cuneate or obovate body and a 
lanceolate tip, the inner oblong to linear: receptacle low-convex : ray-flowers 9-15 ; 
ligules yellow, 5-7 mm. long, recurving: achenes 3 mm. long. 
In dry soil, Texas and adjacent Mexico. 
88. RUDBÉCKIA L.! 
Perennial, or rarely annual or biennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 
entire, toothed or pinnatifid, either petioled, sessile or clasping. Heads (in our species) 
radiate, showy, many-flowered. Involucres hemispheric: bracts imbricated in 2 or more 
series, rarely foliaceous. Receptacle convex or conic, chaffy. Ray-flowers neutral : ligules 
yellow, rarely discolored (in one species crimson). Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-produc- 
ing with 5-lobed corollas. Stigmas with blunt or subulate pubescent tips. Achenes 
4-angled, obtuse or truncate. Pappus of 2-4 short teeth, a low coroniform border, or 
wanting, CONE-FLOWER. 
A. Stigmas with short, obtuse tips: pappus present, except in No. 7. 
Chaff of the receptacle acute, mucronate or obtuse. 
Chaff canescent or pubescent at the apex. 
Leaf-blades, at least those of the lower leaves, deeply lobed or divided. LAcINIATAE. 
Plants glabrous or glabrate. 1. R. laciniata. 
Plants cinereous-pubescent. 
Disk greenish yellow. 2. R. heterophylla. 
Disk brown-purple, anise-scented. 3. R. subtomentosa. 
Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed. 
Disk globose-ovoid, ovoid-conie or hemispheric: plants pubescent: 
corolla-lobes reflexed after anthesis. HELIOPSIDES. 
Cauline leaves petioled. 
Heads small, the disks 1 cm. in diameter or less. 4. R. Heliopsidis. 
Heads large, the disks 1-2 em. in diameter, ; 
Stems glabrous or glabrate. 5. R. alismaefotia. 
Stems hispid or scabrous. ; 6. R. grandiflora. 
Cauline leaves closely sessile or partly clasping. 7. R. mollis. 
Disk cylindric or conic-cylindric at maturity: plants glabrous: co- 
rolla-lobes erect after anthesis. LAEVIGATAE. : 
Leaves glaucous, the blades oval, broadly ovate or oblong. 8. R. maxima. 
Leaves lustrous, the blades narrower. 2 
Leaf-blades ovate-spatulate to lanceoat e-oblong. 9. R. nitida. 
Leaf-blades elongated-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends. 10. R. glabra. 
Chaff ciliate, denticulate or entire at the apex. 
Chaff ciliate or fimbriate at the tip. FULGIDAE. 
Basal and lower stem-leaves cordate or truncate. _ 
Chaff 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, densely ciliate at the tip. 11. R. umbrosa. | 
Chaff narrower, sparsely ciliate at the tip. 12. R. Chapmanii. 
Basal and lower stem-leaves not cordate or truncate. 
Involucral bracts ciliate, glabrous above: leaves large, long-acu- 
minate. 
Stems glabrate or glabrous. 13. R. palustris. 
14. R. acuminata. 
Stems strigose. 
Involucral bracts ciliate, pubescent above: leaves small to medium 
size, acute or short-acuminate. 
Uppermost leaves cuneiform or oblong-lanceolate. 
ell develo disks over 1 cm. in diameter: ligules rela- 
tively chee 15. R. fulgida. 
Well developed disks smaller: ligules relatively large. 16. R. foliosa. 
Uppermost leaves conspicuously dilated. 17. R. spathulata. 
Chaff with entire, hyaline or erose-denticulate tips. 
a. Leaf-blades various, but not elongated-linear. SPECIOSAF. ; 
Ligules large and showy, much exceeding the diameter of the disk. 
Leaf-blades laciniate, or very coarsely dentate. : K 
Prevailing leaves of an ovate type. 18. R. Sullivantii. 
Prevailing leaves narrower. 2 19. R. speciosa. 
Leaf-blades remotely or shallowly dentate or entire. 
Plants glabrous or nearly so. 20. R.truncata. — 
21. R. Missouriensis. 
Plants densely hirsute. 
! Contributed by Mr. C. L. Boynton & Mr. C. D. Beadle. 
