CARDUACEAE 1255 
5. Rudbeckia alismaefólia T. & G. Stems 5-9 dm. tall, glabrous or glabrate below, 
hispidulous or scabrous towards the furrowed summit, usually simple : leaf-blades oval or 
elliptic, 5-12 cm. long, short-pointed or obtuse, repand-denticulate or nearly entire, 3—5- 
nerved ; the basal leaves with long petioles: heads showy, rather large: bracts of the in- 
voluere linear, short: ray-flowers 10-15 ; ligules yellow, 3-4 cm. long, eventually droop- 
ing: disks subglobose, 1.5-2 cm. thick: chaff obtuse, canescent at the summit: pappus 
conspicuous, toothed. 
In pine woods and on prairies, Arkansas to Louisiana and Texas. Summer and fall. 
6. Rudbeckia grandiflóra C. C. Gmelin. Stems 5-9 dm. tall, scabrous or hispid 
throughout: leaves mainly on the lower part of the stem, very rough on both surfaces ; 
blades ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, cuneate 
or more abruptly contracted at the base, shallowly serrate or denticulate ; petioles of the 
lower cauline and basal leaves as long as the blades or longer: heads large, solitary or 
few, showy: bracts of the involucre linear, acuminate: ray-flowers several ; ligules yel- 
low, 3-3.5 em. long, drooping: disks ovoid or ovoid-globose, 1.5-2.5 cm. thick : chaff ob- 
tuse, canescent or pubescent at the summit: pappus conspicuous, crenate or toothed. 
On dry prairies, Missouri to the Indian Territory, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 
7. Rudbeckia mollis Ell. Stems 3-10 dm. tall, often widely branched above, densely 
hirsute with light gray hairs: leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, or spatulate-oblong, 1.5-6 cm. 
long, mostly obtuse, crenate-dentate or entire, clothed on both surfaces with soft, fine and 
close pubescence : heads showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, shorter 
than the disk: ray-flowers 10-15; ligules bright yellow, 2-3.5 cm. long: disks brown- 
purple, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter: chaff pointed, pubescent at the summit: pappus wanting. 
In pine lands and dry fertile soil, Georgia and Florida. Spring and summer. 
8. Rudbeckia máxima Nutt. Stems 1-3 m. tall, simple or branched above, smooth, 
glaucous: leaf-blades oblong, oval or ovate, 6-20 cm. long, mostly obtuse, undulate, repand- 
denticulate or entire, the upper sessile and partly clasping : heads large: bracts of the in- 
volucres linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, short : ray-flowers several; ligules yellow, 1.5- 
4 cm. long: disks oblong to conic-cylindric, 2.5-6 cm. long: chaff abruptly short-pointed, 
pubescent at the summit: achenes 6-8 mm. long, prismatic: pappus conspicuous, denticu- 
late, accentuated at the angles. 
In moist soil, Arkansas and the Indian Territory to Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 
9. Rudbeckia nítida Nutt. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, simple or branched, glabrous: leaf- 
blades ovate-spatulate to lanceolate-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, mostly acute, denticulate or 
entire; petioles of the lower and basal leaves longer than the blades: heads large, showy : 
bracts of the involucre relatively short, obtuse or obtusish : ray-flowers several; ligules 
yellow, drooping : disks cylindric or conic-cylindric, 3-4.5 cm. long: chaff pubescent at the 
summit, pointed: achenes 6-8 mm. long, prismatic: pappus conspicuous, denticulate, 
accentuated at the angles. 
In low grounds, Georgia to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 
10. Rudbeckia glabra DC. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous, more or less branched 
above: leaf-blades elongated-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, 1-3 
dm. long, lustrous, repand-dentate or undulate, prominently veined and reticulated ; basal 
and lower stem-leaves borne on winged petioles as long as the blades or longer, the upper 
short-petioled or sessile: heads large and very showy: bracts of the involucre linear, 
acute or acutish, relatively short : ray-flowers several to many, 3-5 cm. long ; ligules bright 
yellow, drooping: disks cylindric or conic-cylindric, 2-4 cm. long: chaff pointed, pubes- 
cent at the summit : achenes 6-8 mm. long, crowned by the conspicuous, toothed pappus. 
In swamps and low grounds, Georgia to Florida and Alabama. Spring to fall. 
11. Rudbeckia umbrósa Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-10 dm. tall, striate, somewhat 
pubescent, simple or branehed: leaf-blades of the basal and lower stem-leaves ovate, 
coarsely serrate, rounded, truncate or cordate at the base, acute at the apex: the upper 
stem-leaves diminished in size, short-petioled or subsessile, the blades narrower and more 
entire than the lower : heads mostly several, showy : involucral bracts oblong to linear-ob- 
long, 10-15 mm. long, pointed : ray-flowers 8-12; ligules yellow or orange-yellow, 1.5-2 
em. long: disks 1-1.5 cm. wide, 8-12 mm. high : chaff broad, densely ciliate at the apex : 
achenes displaying prominent coroniform pappus. 
In moist soil and woodlands, Kentucky, Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. Summer. 
12. Rudbeckia Chapmánii Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-10 dm. tall, branched above, 
glabrous or glabrate: leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, those of the basal and lower cauline 
leaves long-petioled, truncate or cordate at the base, dentate or coarsely crenate-dentate, 
the upper gradually reduced in size, remotely dentate or nearly entire, sparingly pubescent 
