1256 CARDUACEAE 
on both surfaces : heads several or few, showy : involucral bracts 6-12 mm. long: ray-flow- 
ers 12-16 ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow or orange-yellow : disks hemispheric or short- 
conic, 8-15 mm. high, 1-1.5 cm. broad : chaff short-pointed, ciliate with a few short hairs 
at the tip : pappus a shallow coroniform border. 
In the mountains of Georgia and Alabama. Summer. 
13. Rudbeckia palüstris Eggert. Stems 5-7 dm. tall, usually branched, glabrous or 
glabrate, except at the summit : leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate or dentate or 
nearly entire, acuminate at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base ; those of the basal 
and lower cauline leaves borne on winged petioles, the upper gradually diminishing in 
size, sessile or short-petioled, nearly entire : heads several, showy : involucral bracts linear 
or linear-oblong, mostly obtuse, ciliate, smooth on the upper surface: ray-flowers 8-12; 
ligules 1-2 cm. long, yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 8-12 mm. high, 1-1.5 cm. 
wide : chaff pointed, sparingly ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border accen- 
tuated at the angles. 
In low grounds, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. Summer and fall. 
14. Rudbeckia acuminàta Boynton & Beadle. Stems 5-8 dm. tall, strigose, simple 
or branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, acuminate, remotely serrate with low teeth, or entire, 
sparsely pubescent on both surfaces ; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves slender- 
petioled, the upper gradually diminished in size and borne on winged petioles, or the 
uppermost subsessile: heads few or several, showy: involucral bracts lanceolate, acute, 
ciliate on the margins, smooth above: ray-flowers 10-14; ligules 1-2.5 cm. long, yellow 
or orange-yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide: chaff pointed, ciliate 
.at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border toothed at the angles. 
In woods, middle Tennessee. Summer. 
15. Rudbeckia fülgida Ait. Stems stout, 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid, 
usually much branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or cuneiform, hispid, 
remotely toothed or entire, 3-12 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, those of the uppermost leaves 
with narrow subcordate bases, the lower on winged petioles : heads mostly several, showy : 
involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate : ray-flowers 10-15; ligules relatively short, 
orange or deep yellow: disks hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide: chaff pointed, 
ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border accentuated at the angles. 
In woods and meadows, Pennsylvania to Virginia and North Carolina, Summer and fall. 
16. Rudbeckia folidsa Boynton & Beadle. Stems slender, 3-7 dm. tall, pubescent 
or somewhat hispid, much branched and very leafy : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong-lanceo- 
late, elliptic or cuneiform, 2-7 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, sparingly serrate or entire, those 
of the basal and lower cauline leaves borne on very slender petioles, the uppermost ses- 
sile: heads several or numerous, small, showy: involucral bracts linear to oblong-linear : 
ray-flowers 8-13; ligules relatively large, yellow : disks hemispheric or short-conic, mostly 
less than 1 cm. wide: chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex: pappus a coroniform border 
toothed at the angles. 
In woods, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fall. 
17. Rudbeckia spathulata Michx. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, minutely pubescent, simple 
or branched : leaf-blades entire or minutely and remotely toothed, pubescent with short 
hairs on both surfaces: those of the basal leaves oval, mostly obtuse, cauline leaves 
lanceolate, elliptic or oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 5-18 mm. wide, acute at the apex, wedge- 
in te or more abruptly contracted at the base, the uppermost sessile or subsessile and 
with shorter apices: heads solitary or few: involucral bracts linear, mostly acute: ray- 
flowers about 8; ligules orange-yellow or yellow: disks hemispheric or short-conic, about 
lem. wide: chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus a low coroniform border. 
In woods and along streams, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
18. Rudbeckia Sullivántii Boynton & Beadle. Stems 5-10 dm. tall, hispid or gla- 
brate, branched near the top : leaf-blades more or less pubescent, coarsely and irregular ly ser- 
rate or serrate-dentate ; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves oval, ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, petioled, acute or acuminate at the apex, either narrowed, rounded, truncate pn 
subcordate at the base, of the upper cauline leaves, narrower and shorter petioled, or 0 
the uppermost subsessile and entire: heads several, showy: involucral bracts linear-o 
long, obtusish, 8-12 mm. long: ray-flowers 10-15; ligules 2-4 cm. long, yellow with an 
orange base: disks hemispheric or short-conic, 12-18 mm. wide: chaff mostly naked at 
the erose summit, or the outermost erose-denticulate : achenes 3-4 mm. long with coroni- 
form pappus toothed at the angles. 
In low grounds, Michigan and Ohio to Tennessee and Alabama. Summer and fall. 
