1258 CARDUACEAE 
leaves 3-10 cm. long ; blades of the lower, or some of them, palmately 3-lobed or 3-parted, 
sometimes undivided ; of the upper ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, mostly acumi- 
nate, narrowed into a sessile base or into short winged petioles, serrate or entire ; heads 
several or numerous: involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 7-11 mm. long, ulti- 
mately reflexed : disks subglobose or conic-globose, 5-13 mm. broad : ray-flowers 8-12, con- 
spicuous ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow, or the base orange: chaff aristate or subulate, 
smooth : pappus a minute crown or border. 
In moist soil or thickets, New Jersey to Michigan, Kansas, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Sum- 
mer and fall. 
26. Rudbeckia rupéstris Chickering. Stems 7-15 dm. tall, stout, sparingly pubes- 
cent, branched : leaves various, the basal with ovate, cordate, crenate or crenate-dentate, 
petioled, undivided blades ; the lower stem-leaves palmately 3-lobed or 3-parted, 7-10 cm. 
long, borne on margined petioles ; upper leaves with ovate, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo- 
late, short-petioled or sessile blades: heads few or several, large and showy : bracts of the 
involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute: disks hemispheric or ovoid-conie, 
15-20 mm. broad: ray-flowers 10-13; ligules 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow or orange yellow: 
chaff aristate or subulate, smooth : pappus a low crown or border. 
r m rocky slopes, Roan Mountain and adjacent peaks, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer 
and fall. 
27. Rudbeckia Beàdlei Small. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, hirsute, usually much branched : 
leaf-blades various, those of the basal leaves oblong to ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed or 
unequally pinnatifid, 5-10 cm. long, long-petioled ; those of the lower stem-leaves, or 
some of them, deeply pinnately 5-7-lobed or 5-7-parted : the upper lanceolate, acute or 
acuminate, 1.5-7 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, narrowed into winged petioles, or sessile : heads 
small, several or numerous, showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 8- 
20 mm. long, somewhat foliaceous : ray-flowers 8-12; ligules 1-2 cm. long, bright yellow: 
disks ovoid-conic or hemispheric, 5-10 mm. wide: chaff aristate or subulate, smooth : 
pappus a low crown or border accentuated at the angles. 
In rocky woods, at elevations above 1000 m., western North Carolina. Summer. 
28. Rudbeckia pinnatíloba (T. & G.) Beadle. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, softly hir- 
sute, branched above: leaf-blades various; those of the basal and lower stem-leaves, or 
some of them, 5-7-pinnately lobed or divided, 3-8 cm. long: those of the upper stem-leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, relatively short and broad, 1.5-4 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, either lobed 
or undivided, toothed or entire, short-petioled or sessile, often with brown margins: heads 
small, several or numerous, showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 
5-7 mm. long, not foliaceous : ray-flowers about 8 ; ligules 1-1.5 cm. long, yellow or with 
an orange base: disks hemispheric or ovoid-conic, 6-9 mm. broad: chaff aristate or subu- 
late, smooth : pappus a low crown or border accentuated at the angles. [R. triloba var. 
pinnatiloba T. & G.) 
In calcareous soil, West Florida. Summer and fall. 
29. Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt. Annual or biennial. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, hispid, 
simple or branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong to oval-elliptic, 2-10 cm. long, serrate 
or entire, the lower ones with winged petioles, the upper sessile and partly clasping : hea is 
showy : bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long : ray-flowers 1 ; 
14 ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow, with a brown-purple base, or sometimes clear y ellow: 
disks short-conic to conic-cylindric: chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus wanting. 
In woods and sandy soil, Arkansas to Alabama and Texas. Spring and summer. 
30. Rudbeckia flexudsa T. V. Moore. Annual or biennial, resembling P. biona 
Stems 3-7 dm. tall, somewhat hispid, flexuous, rather widely branched, often a short si 
tance from the base : leaf-blades various, hispidulous, those of the basal and lower ge 
line leaves oval or oblong-spatulate, remotely crenate-serrate, of the upper leaves cunea e 
obovate to oval, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mostly sessile, remotely toothed or win ; 
heads showy : bracts of the involucre ovate-lanceolate to linear, 10-15 mm. long : ray-t/o 2 
ers 8-10; ligules 1-2 cm. long, yellow, sometimes with a brown-purple base: disks ien " 
conic or short-cylindric, 10-15 mm. wide : chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus nore 
In dry orsandy soil, Texas. Spring and summer. 
31. Rudbeckia hírta L. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, usually branched, hirsute and hisp = 
leaf-blades elliptic, lanceolate, narrowly-oblong or oblong-spatulate, 3-12 cm. long, deat 
pubescent, entire or sparingly serrate with low teeth, mostly acute ; those of the jouer reer - 
narrowed into winged or margined petioles 4-10 cm. long, the upper with short, e " 
winged petioles, or sessile : heads showy : bracts of the involucre linear, linear-lanceo!a™ 
