1260 CARDUACEAE 
89. DRACOPIS Cass. 
Annual caulescent herbs, with smooth and glaucous foliage. Leaves alternate: blades 
broad, thickish, entire or slightly serrate, l-ribbed, clasping. Heads radiate, showy. 
Involucres many-flowered, of few somewhat foliaceous bracts. Receptacle slender. Ray- 
flowers few, neutral: ligules yellow or often brownish purple at the base.  Disk-flowers 
perfect, fruit-producing, brownish. Stigmas with small pubescent appendages. Achenes 
terete, striate and minutely transversely wrinkled. Pappus wanting. 
1. Dracopis amplexicaülis Vahl. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, usually branched above. 
Stem-leaves with spatulate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or ovate sessile and clasping blades 
4-10 cm. long: bracts of the involucres lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long: 
ray-flowers 5-9 ; ligules yellow or brownish purple at the base, 1-2.5 cm. long: disk ob- 
long-cylindric at maturity : achenes about 2 mm. long. 
In moist soil, Georgia to Louisiana and Texas. Introduced eastward. Spring and summer. 
90. RATIBIDA Raf. 
Annual biennial or perennial caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alter- 
nate: blades pinnately parted or divided, the segments often narrow. Heads radiate, 
showy, long-peduncled. Involucres flat: bracts in 2-3 series. Receptacle subulate or 
columnar, chaffy. Ray-flowers several, neutral: ligules yellow, or brown near the base, 
spreading or drooping. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing, subtended by or enveloped 
in the bractlets: corollas gray or yellowish, becoming brown: bractlets thickened, trun- 
cate or hooded at the apex. Stigmas with blunt or lanceolate-subulate tips. Achenes flat- 
tened, broad-margined or winged, deciduous with bractlets. Pappus 1 or 2 teeth, or want- 
ing. [Lepachys Raf.] CoNE-FLOWER. 
Annual or biennial: achenes with flat faces. 
Leaf-blades pinnately parted : ray-flowers with yellow ligules. É 1. R. peduncularis. 
Leaf-blades lyrately parted : ray-flowers with brown-purple and yellow-margined : 
ligules. 2. R. picta. 
Perennial: achenes with convex or angled faces. 
Stigmas with short obtuse tips. 
Disk globose, oval or ovoid. 3. R. Tagetes. . 
Disk cylindric. 4. R. columnaris. 
Stigmas with lanceolate-subulate tips. 5. R. pinnata. 
1. Ratibida pedunculàris (T. & G.) Barnhart. Annual or biennial, rather gray- 
pubescent, 2-9 dm. tall. Stems often branched at the base: leaves rather crowded, 4-10 
em. long; blades pinnately or 2-pinnately parted, the segments linear-oblong or narrowly 
obovate, entire or incised : peduncles 2-6 dm. long : disk cylindric, 2-4 cm. long: ray -flowers 
few ; ligules yellow, 1-2 cm. long, obovate : achenes obliquely obovate, broadly or narrowly 
winged, scaly-fimbriate at least on the inner edge, notched at the apex by the projection of 
the unequal teeth. [Lepachys peduncularis T. & G.] 
In low grounds, Texas. Summer. 
2. Ratibida pícta (A. Gray) Small. Annual or biennial and similar to the preceding 
species in habit, the foliage more cinereous-pubescent : leaf-blades lyrately pinnately part 
into usually 5-7 merely incised segments, the terminal segment obovate to oblong-ovate : iin 
becoming 2.5-3.5 cm. long; ligules of the ray-flowers about 12 mm. long, brown-purp'e 
with a yellow margin. [Lepachys peduncularis var. picta A. Gray.] 
In sand or sandy woods, along or near the coast, Texas. Summer. 
3. Ratibida 'Tagétes (James) Barnhart. Perennial, 1-4 dm. tall, gray-strigose. 
Stems commonly much branched : leaves numerous ; blades 2-6 cm. long, pinnately parte 
into 3-7 narrowly linear thickish segments: peduncles 2-5 cm. long: disk subglobose s 
oval, about 1 em. long; ligules of the ray-flowers soon reflexed, 5-9 mm. long, mainiy 
brown-purple. 
On plains and prairies, Arkansas to Texas and New Mexico. Spring to fall. 4 
4. Ratibida columnàris (Sims) D. Don. Perennial, 3-7 dm. tall, scabrous-strigose. 
Stems often branched at the base: leaves 5-12 cm. long ; blades pinnately parted, the 
segments oblong to linear, often pinnatifid or 2-3-cleft: peduncles 5-20 em. long: he? d 
showy : disks cylindric-conic or columnar, 2.5-4 cm. long ; ligules of the ray-flowers Ye 
low, or yellow and brown-purple at the base, 2-4 cm. long. E " 
On dry plains or prairies, the Saskatchewan to Minnesota, Tennessee and Arizona. Spring = fall. 
5. Ratibia pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. Perennial, strigillose and scabrous, 6-15 i 
tall. Stems more or less branched : leaves 5-20 cm. long; blades pinnately 3-7-foliola 
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