1262 CARDUACEAE 
ray-flowers usually 10-12; ligules purplish or white, 2-2.5 cm. long, spreading, 2-3-cleft : 
awn of the chaff shorter than the body. 
On plains and prairies, Saskatchewan to Arkansas, Texas and Wyoming. Summer. 
6. Brauneria Tennesseénsis Beadle. Root vertical, fusiform. Stem shaggy-hispid, 
often tufted, 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 5-18 cm. long, acute, entire, the upper 1-ribbed : 
heads conspicuous: disks about 1.5 cm. high: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, bristly, 
hispid, and ciliate, with lax tips: ray-flowers 10-15; ligules purplish, 1.5-2.5 em. long- 
spreading, 2-cleft at the apex: achenes with the angles of the side winged: pappus a 
toothed border with 4 prominent points over the angles of the achenes : awn of the chaff 
shorter than the body. 
On gravelly hillsides, Tennessee and Arkansas. Summer. 
92. STEMMODONTIA Cas. 
Perennial caulescent commonly maritime herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite : 
blades often fleshy, entire or toothed. Heads radiate, peduncled. Involucres broadly 
campanulate: bracts somewhat foliaceous, in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle flat or convex. 
Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing : ligules mainly yellow, not much longer than the 
height of the involucre. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Stigmas of the disk-flowers 
pubescent. Achenes turgid, cuneate or pear-shaped ; those of the disk more or less 4-' 
angled. Pappus cup-like, the edge commonly lobed. 
1. Stemmodontia trilobàta (L.) Small. Stems branched at the base; branches 
creeping, pubescent or glabratein age. Leaf-blades fleshy, elliptic to cuneate, 3-10 cm. long, 
acute, coarsely few-toothed orslightly 3—5-lobed, sessile: heads solitary on strigose peduncles: 
involucres about 1 cm. high, the outer bracts longer and thicker than the inner, obtuse or 
abruptly acute: ligules of the ray-flowers 8-12 mm. long. [Silphium trilobatum L.] 
In sand or coral rock, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in tropical America. 
93. PASCALIA Ortega. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with glabrous or somewhat scabrous-pubescent foliage. 
Leaves opposite: blades entire, toothed or somewhat lobed. Heads conspicuous, solitary 
atthe ends of the branches, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres hemispheric : bracts in 
about 2 series, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous. Receptacle chaffy. Ray- 
flowers pistillate, each with a spreading yellow ligule. Disk-flowers perfect, each with a 
short tube and an elongated throat. Anthers truncate at the base. Stigmas with pubes- 
cent acutish appendages. Achenes various; those of the ray 3-angled; those of the disk 
rather 4-angled, each with a thick somewhat fleshy pericarp. Pappus of several fimbriate 
scales and often 2 short awns. 
1. Pascalia glaüca Ortega. Plant glaucous. Stem simple or branched above : leaf- 
blades 3-ribbed, 1 dm. long, or shorter on the upper part of the stem, those of the lower 
cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, shallowly toothed, those of the upper 
cauline often linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, repand or entire: heads showy : in- 
voluere 1.5-2 em. broad ; bracts lanceolate to linear, 1-1.5 cm. long: ligules of the ray- 
flowers bright yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long: achenes 5-6 mm. long. 
In waste places, near Pensacola, Florida, Native of Chili. 
94. BORRÍCHIA Adans. 
Perennial caulescent fleshy herbs or shrubby plants inhabiting seashores. Leaves 
opposite : blades simple, thick. Heads radiate, peduncled. Involucres hemispheric, many- 
flowered : bracts in 2 or 3 series, the inner more leathery thanthe outer. Receptacle convex, 
chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing: ligules yellow, short. Disk-flowers per- 
fect, fruit-producing, subtended by or enveloped in the rigid bractlets. Stigmas of the 
disk-flowers hispid. Achenes various; those of the ray 3-angled; those of the disk 4- 
angled. Pappusa more or less toothed crown. SEA Ox-EYE. 
Outer b i ity: receptacle spine-tipped. 
racts of the involucre spreading orreflexed at maturity: bractlets of the recep ^j B frutes RE. 
Outer bracts of the involucre appressed at maturity: bractlets of the receptacle ob- 
tuse or barely mucronate. ens 
Leaf-blades and peduncles permanently and densely silky. 2B: pee wl : 
Leaf-blades and peduncles perfectly glabrous. 3. B. glabrata. 
