1266 CARDUACEAE 
each sessile by a slightly dilated base: bracts of the involucre filiform-subulate, 1.5-2 cm. 
long, loosely spreading, scarcely ciliolate and somewhat granular, attenuate into very slen- 
der tips which greatly surpass the disk in length : disk about 1 em. broad ; ligules of the 
ray-flowers 1-2 cm. long. 
On limestone bluffs and in limestone soil, Texas. Fall. 
9. Helianthus orgyalis DC. Perennial, smooth and glabrous. Stems 1-3 m. tall, 
glaucous, branching above : leaves numerous, alternate ; blades narrowly linear, 10-40 cm. 
long, attenuate, entire or serrulate, short-petioled or nearly sessile: bracts of the involucre 
1-1.5 cm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, ciliate, attenuate into filiform tips, which 
slightly surpass the disks in length ; ligules of the ray-flower 2-2.5 cm. long: disk 1-1.5 
cm. broad. 
On plains, Nebraska to Colorado, Arkansas and Texas. 
10. Helianthus polyphyllus Small. Perennial, deep green. Stems 9-20 dm. tall, 
branching above, densely hirsute near the base, glabrous and often smooth above : leaves 
numerous ; blades narrowly linear, 5-16 cm. long, entire, strongly revolute and apparently 
thick, filiform, curved: bracts of the involucres linear-subulate, attenuate into subulate 
tips, about 1 cm. long, some drooping or recurving: ray-flowers few ; ligules 1.5-2 cm. 
readily shrivelling : disks 1-1.5 cm. broad, depressed. 
In thickets, Georgia and Arkansas. Fall. 
11. Helianthus angustifdlius L. Perennial, scabrous or hispidulous. Stems 6-18 
dm. tall, more or less branched : leaves few, alternate ; blades linear or narrowly linear on the 
lower part of the stem, entire, somewhat revolute, 8-20 cm. long, sessile, or the lower one 
on winged petiole: bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate to linear-subulate, attenuate 
into slender tips, 8-12 mm. long, minutely pubescent or hispidulous: ray-flowers several ; 
ligules about 2 cm. long, not readily shrivelling : disks 1--1.5 cm. broad. 
In moist soil or swamps, New York and Missouri to Florida and Texas. Late summer and fall. 
12. Helianthus elongatus Small. Perennial, tufted. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, simple, 
or branched above: leaves opposite; blades elliptic-oblong to linear, 5-20 cm. long, en- 
tire, very scabrous on both sides, the lower ones petioled, the upper sessile: heads showy, 
solitary or few, long-peduncled : involucres about 2 cm. broad ; bracts lanceolate, attenuate 
into slender tips, ciliate, and more or less hispid : ray-flowers 15-25 ; ligules 2-4 cm. long: 
disks brown-purple. 
In pine lands, Florida to Louisiana. 
13. Helianthus ciliàris DC.  Perennial, smooth. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, more or 
less branched: leaves mostly opposite; blades linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, undu- 
late, repand or bristly on the margins : heads not showy : involucres 1.5-2 cm. broad ; bracts 
»vate to lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, obtuse, acute or mucronate, pectinately hispid-ciliate : 
aida 14-19; ligules 1-1.5 cm. long or smaller, or obsolete: disk brownish, 1-2 em. 
road. 
In low or brackish soil, Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. 
14. Helianthus undulàtus Chapm. Perennial, scabrous. Stems 6-18 dm. tall, simple 
or branching above: leaves numerous, opposite on the lower part of the stem, alternate 
above ; blades lanceolate, oblong or linear-lanceolate, 3-10 dm. long, usually abruptly acute, 
entire or nearly so, slightly revolute, paler beneath and less scabrous than above, short- 
petioled or nearly sessile: heads showy : involucres 1.5-2 cm. broad ; bracts oblong to lan- 
ceolate, the inner acuminate, 5-8 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers 2-3.5 cm. long: 
disk becoming brown, 1-1.5 cm. broad. 
In sandy soil, Florida and Alabama. Fall. 
15. Helianthus scabérrimus Ell. Perennial, scabrous. Stems rigid, 5-25 dm. 
tall, simple or sparingly branched: leaves few, opposite ; blades leathery, those of the 
lower cauline leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 1-2 dm. long, those of the upper lanceolate 
or elliptic-lanceolate, all exceedingly scabrous, 3-ribbed, shallowly serrate or serrulate : 
heads usually few, but conspicuous: involucres 2-2.5 cm. broad; bracts ovate to lan- 
ceolate and linear-oblong, the inner acute, over 10 mm. long; ligules of the ray-flowers 
2.5—4 em. long: disk brown-purple, 2-3 cm. broad. 
On prairies, Minnesota to Illinois, Georgia and Texas. 
16. Helianthus carnósus Small. Perennial, smooth and glabrous, somewhat fleshy. 
Stems 3-10 dm. tall, sometimes tufted, simple: leaves few, opposite below, alternate above ; 
blades linear-oblong to linear, acutish, entire, sometimes undulate, the lower ones es 
stout petioles, the upper sessile: heads long-peduncled, showy, solitary : involucres € 
2 cm. broad ; bracts fleshy, oblong-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, glabrous : disk yellowish, 
1.5-2 cm. broad: ray-flowers 12-18 ; ligules 1.5-2 cm. long ; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long. 
On sandy beaches, northeastern Florida. Summer. 
