CARDUACEAE 1267 
17. Helianthus heterophyllus Nutt. Perennial, hirsute or hispid. Stems 4-12 dm. 
tall, simple or rarely much branched : leaves mostly opposite ; blades various, those of the 
basal leaves oblong, elliptic or spatulate, 6-30 cm. long ; those of the stem-leaves linear or 
nearly so, mostly shorter than those of the basal leaves, all entire: heads showy: invo- 
lucres 1.5-2 em. broad ; bracts lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, slightly acuminate, sparingly 
pubescent and ciliate : ray-flowers about 20; ligules 2.5-3.5 cm. long : disk brown-purple, 
1.5-2.5 cm. broad. 
In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Fall. 
18. Helianthus atrorübens L. Perennial, hirsute to hispid, or glabrate above. 
Stems 6-18 dm. tall, or rarely shorter, sparingly branched above : leaves opposite, mainly 
on the lower part of the stem ; blades ovate, oval, elliptic or lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, 
more or less toothed, cuneate to truncate at the base; petioles winged, shorter than the 
blades: heads rather showy: involucres broadly campanulate, about 1 cm. high ; bracts 
leathery, oblong to oblong-obovate, obtuse or mucronate: ray-flowers several ; ligules 
bright yellow, 1.5-2 em. long: disk about 1.5 cm. broad. 
In and about open woods, Virginia and Missouri to Florida and Louisiana. 
19. Helianthus Rádula (Pursh) T. & G. Perennial, hispid or hirsute. Stems 
simple and erect or branched at the base, the branches ascending or decumbent, 2-9 dm. 
long, terminated by long peduncles: leaves mainly basal or near the base of the stem; 
blades suborbicular to spatulate, or sometimes elliptic or rhombic, 3-8 cm. long, strongly 
3-ribbed, often cuneately narrowed into broad petioles: heads solitary, not showy : bracts 
of the involueres oblong to lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, more or less 
ciliate : ray-flowers few ; ligules inconspicuous or obsolete: disk brownish purple, 1.5-2.5 
cm. broad : achenes 4-4.5 mm. long. 
In low pine lands, Georgia to Florida and Alabama. Fall. 
20. Helianthus occidentàlis Riddell. Perennial, hispidulous and scabrous. Stems 
6-15 dm. tall, sparingly branched above, the peduncles elongated : leaves few, opposite ; 
blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, entire or denticulate, narrowed 
into long margined petioles, the upper ones more or less reduced : heads showy : involucres 
campanulate, 7-9 mm. high ; bracts ovate-lanceolate to cuneate, more or less prolonged- 
acuminate, nearly glabrous: ray-flowers 11-17 ; ligules yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long: disk yel- 
low, 1 em. broad. 
In dry soil, Ohio to Minnesota, Georgia, Florida and Texas. 
21. Helianthus Dowelliànus M. A. Curtis. Perennial, glabrate or finely pubescent 
but not scabrous. Stems 8-15 dm. tall, more or less branched, the long peduncles reddish : 
leaves opposite or a few of the upper ones alternate ; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 
em. long, rather blunt, shallowly toothed, paler beneath than above, with narrowly cuneate 
bases and petioles as long as the blades on the lower part of the stem : heads showy : in- 
volucres hemispheric, slightly over 1 cm. broad ; bracts mainly lanceolate, acute or some- 
what acuminate, ciliolate, finely ribbed : ray-flowers 12-15; ligules bright yellow, 2.5-3.5 
em. long: disk yellow, fully 1 cm. broad. 
In open woods, District of Columbia and along the mountains to Georgia. Summer. 
22. Helianthus Eggértii Small. Perennial essentially smooth and glabrous, except 
the ciliate leaf-blades and involucral bracts. Stems 8-15 dm. tall, sparingly branched 
above, more or less glaucescent: leaves opposite to the inflorescence ; blades narrowly 
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 7-14 cm. long, acuminate, nearly entire, glaucous beneath : 
eads conspicuous : involucres hemispheric, 1.5 cm. broad ; bracts mainly lanceolate, acute 
or slightly acuminate, ciliate, the inner 13-14 mm. long, over 4 mm. wide at the base; 
ray-flowers 8-16 ; ligules 2-2.5 cm. long: disk about 1.5 cm. wide. 
On rocky hills, Dickson County, Tennessee. LEE 
23. Helianthus laevigàtus T. & G. Perennial, smooth and glabrous or nearly so. 
Stems 5-18 dm. tall, wh ain purple, often branching : leaves opposite ; blades rather 
firm, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-14 cm. long, acuminate, remotely serrate or nearly 
entire, smooth on both sides, pale green beneath, short-petioled : heads conspicuous : in- 
volucres campanulate, 1 cm. broad; bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
appressed, ciliate, the inner 9-11 mm. long, less than 3 mm. broad at the base : ray-flowers 
few ; ligules 2-2.5 em. long, bright yellow: disk 10-13 mm. broad. 
On mountain slopes, Virginia and North Carolina. ced 5 CUM 
24. Helianth ngifdlius Pursh. Perennial, bright green, smooth and glabrous. 
Stems erect or ne 6-12 dm. tall, often purple-spotted : leaves opposite, sometimes 
mete near the base of the stem ; blades 3-ribbed, those of the basal leaves oblong or 
oblong-lanceolate, rather blunt, often distinctly toothed, narrowed into margined petioles, 
those of the stem-leaves almost linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, more or less contracted 
