1268 CARDUACEAE 
below the junction of the 3 ribs, entire: involucres less than 1 cm. broad ; bracts nearly 
subulate to linear-lanceolate, ecilate, lax: disk fully 1 cm. broad: ray-flowers 9-15; 
ligules bright yellow, 1.5-2.5 em. long : disk about 1 cm. broad. 
In rocky glades, Alabama. 
25. Helianthus microcéphalus T. & G. Perennial, bright green. Stems 4-18 dm. 
tall, smooth and glabrous: leaves opposite ; blades membranous, lanceolate to oblong- 
lanceolate, 8-18 cm. long, acuminate, remotely serrate or nearly entire, slender-petioled : 
involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, lanceolate to oblong, 
ciliate, the inner acute: ray-flowers 5-10; ligules yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long: disk 7-9 em. 
broad : achenes cuneate or oblong-cuneate, 4 mm. long, with 2 lanceolate teeth. 
On hillsides or river banks, Pennsylvania to Missouri, Georgia and Louisiana. 
26. Helianthus glaücus Small. Perennial, deep green. Stems 9-18 dm. tall, widely 
branched, smooth, glabrous, glaucous: leaves opposite ; blades thick, or somewhat leathery, 
lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, very scabrous above, tomentulose beneath, short- 
petioled : involucres campanulate, 8-10 mm. high ; bracts few, lanceolate to oblong-lanceo- 
late, the inner acuminate, white-ciliate, more or less spreading : ray-flowers 5-7 ; ligules 
yellow, 1-1.5 em. long: disk becoming about 1 cm. broad. 
In dry sandy soil, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. 
27. Helianthus verticillàtus Small. Perennial, deep green. Stems 9-18 dm. tall, 
branching above, smooth and glabrous almost to the heads : leaves in whorls of 3; blades 
firm, broadly linear or linear-lanceolate, 8-12 em. long, somewhat acuminate, entire, revo- 
lute, shagreen-like above, sparsely pubescent beneath, nearly sessile: peduncles strigillose- 
hispidulous under the heads : involucres turbinate-campanulate, about 10 mm. high ; bracts 
linear-lanceolate, ciliolate, somewhat spreading: ray-flowers several ; ligules deep yellow, 
about 2 cm. long: disk about 1.5 cm. broad : achenes about 5 mm. long. 
In wet sandy soil, western Tennessee. Summer. ; 
28. Helianthus grósse-serràtus Martens. Perennial, bright green. Stems 9-30 dm. 
tall, smooth and glabrous below the inflorescence and often glaucous, branching above: 
leaves alternate or sometimes opposite; blades leathery, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 
1-3 dm. long, acuminate, serrate, sometimes saliently so, short-petioled above the base of 
the stem : involucre-body about 1.5 em. broad ; bracts Kabar fence to lanceolate, or 
oblong to cuneate with a lanceolate tip, 1-2 cm. long : ray-flowers numerous ; ligules 2.5-4 
em. long : disk 1.5-2 cm. wide. 
On dry plains and prairies, Long Island and Pennsylvania to South Dakota and Texas. 
29. Helianthus decapétalus L. Perennial, deep green. Stems5-16 dm. tall, smooth 
and glabrous below the inflorescence: leaves opposite ; blades membranous, ovate to ob- 
long-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, cuneate or truncate at the 
base, somewhat scabrous on the upper surface : heads conspicuous : involucral bracts linear 
to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, ciliate: disk becoming about 1.5 cm. broad : ray- 
flowers several ; ligules bright yellow, oblong to linear-oblong, 2.5-3 cm. long. 
In thickets and on banks, Quebec to Michigan, Georgia and Kentucky. Summer. 
30. Helianthus saxicola Small. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so to the inflores- 
cence. Stems sometimes tufted, 8-15 dm. tall, simple or rarely sparingly branched near 
the top: leaves opposite below, alternate above; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 
acuminate, shalloaty serrate, deep green and quite smooth above, whitish green an 
essentially glabrous beneath: heads solitary or few, showy: peduncles sparingly pubes- 
cent: involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, attenuate, ciliate, more or less recurved: disk 
yellowish, about 1.5 cm. broad : ray-flowers often 8-10 ; ligules light yellow, 2-3 cm. long. 
On exposed mountain summits, North Carolina and Georgia. Summer. 
31. Helianthus australis Small. Perennial, deep green. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, 
smooth and glabrous to the inflorescence or near it, branched above: leaves mainly alter- 
nate; blades lanceolate, often narrowly so, 10-15 cm. long, or shorter on the upper por 
of the stem, acuminate, shallowly toothed, very scabrous above, paler beneath and pu 1 
cent at least along the nerves, short-petioled : peduncles scabrous-pubescent : involucra 
bracts lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, otherwise glabrous or nearly $0, 
the inner dilated about the middle: disk yellowish, about 1.5 cm. broad: ray -flowers 
10-15 ; ligules bright yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long. 
In stony or sandy soil, Georgia to Florida and Louisiana. 
32. Helianthus strumósus L. Perennial, bright green. Stems 6-18 dm. tall, qus 
and glabrous, or nearly so, to the inflorescence, often glaucous: leaves opposite ; bla e" 
thinnish, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-20 em. long, acuminate, entire Or ser 
rate, whitish beneath and sometimes tomentulose : heads showy : involucral bracts lanceo- 
