CARDUACEAE 1269 
late to oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, ciliate, the tips more or less spreading, the inner ones 
scarcely dilated, rather abruptly contracted below the middle: ray-flowers 11-15 ; ligules 
bright yellow, 2.5-4 cm. long: disk 1.5-2 cm. wide. 
In dry woods and on shaded banks, Maine to Ontario and Minnesota, Georgia and Arkansas. 
33. Helianthus Schweinitzii T. & G. Perennial, deep green. Stems 4-18 dm. 
tall, branched, scabrous and hispidulous: leaves opposite below, alternate on the upper 
part of the stem ; blades firm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, attenuate, serrulate or nearly 
entire, shagreen above, canescent beneath : heads relatively small: involucral bracts linear- 
lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, hispid: ray-flowers 9-13; ligules yellow, 2-2.5 cm. 
long: disk becoming about 1.5 cm. broad. 
In dry soil, North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama. 
34. Helianthus cinéreus T. & G. Perennial, minutely dull cinereous-pubescent. 
Stems 3-6 dm. tall, mostly simple: leaves opposite, mostly near the middle of the stem ; 
blades leathery, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, acute, serrulate, narrowed at 
the base, but sessile: heads showy : involucral bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-12 
mm. long, attenuate: ray-flowers 11-16 ; ligules yellow, 2-2.5 cm. long: disk yellow, 1.5- 
1.8 em. broad. 
In dry soil, Texas. Summer. 
35. Helianthus tomentósus Michx.  Perennial, pubescent. Stems 9-30 dm. tall, 
scabrous to hispid, branching above: leaves mostly alternate ; blades ovate to lanceolate, 
1-3 dm. long, acute or acuminate, undulate or shallowly toothed, narrowed into winged 
pus heads showy: involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, acuminate, 
ristly, the outer ones spreading or recurved: ray-flowers numerous ; ligules bright yellow, 
2.5-3 cm. long: disk yellow, 2-2.5 cm. broad. 
On hillsides, Virginia to Georgia and Alabama. 
36. Helianthus tuberdsus L. Perennial, pubescent. Stems 6-30 dm. tall, sca- 
brous to hirsute, often branching above : leaves mostly alternate ; blades thickish, ovate to 
lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, acuminate, more or less serrate, cuneate to subcordate at the 
base, commonly pubescent beneath, scabous above, terminating petiole-like bases: heads 
showy : involucral bracts rather foliaceous, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 
ciliate, long-attenuate, often pubescent on the back : ray-flowers numerous ; ligules bright 
yellow, 2.5-4 cm. long: disk yellow, 1.5-2 em. broad. 
In alluvial soil, New Brunswick and Ontario to the Northwest Territory, Georgia and Arkansas. 
37. Helianthus doroconoides Lam.  Perennial, pubescent all over. Stems 1-2 m. 
tall, sparingly branched above, softly pubescent : leaves opposite on the lower part of the 
stem, alternate above; blades leathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, about 
equally scabrous-pubescent on both sides, acute or slightly acuminate, shallowly serrate, 
sessile: heads showy: involucral bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, attenuate his- 
idulous and ciliate, the inner about 1 cm. long: ray-flowers 11-19; ligules 2.5-4 cm. 
ong : disk yellow, about 1.5 cm. broad. 
In dry soil, Michigan to Ohio, Missouri and Arkansas. 
38. Helianthus Maximiliànii Schrad. Perennial, scabrous-hispidulous. Stems 6- 
36 dm. tall, usually branched above: leaves mostly alternate ; blades firm, lanceolate, 
varying to linear or oblong-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, en- 
tire or denticulate, the lower ones narrowed into petiole-like bases : heads showy : involu- 
cral bracts gray-pubescent, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, each attenuate 
into a slender tip: ray-flowers 15-30; ligules golden yellow, 2.5-3.5 cm. long: disk 
1.5-2 em. broad. 
On plains and prairies, Manitoba and the Northwest Territory to Minnesota and Texas. 
39. Helianthus gigantéus L.  Perennial, scabrous or hispidulous. Stems 9-30 dm. 
tall, sometimes smooth and glabrous below, branched above : leaves alternate, opposite or 
whorled ; blades lanceolate to oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate, ser- 
rate or dentate, or nearly entire: heads showy : involucral bracts lanceolate or elliptic- 
lanceolate, 8-13 mm. long, acuminate, ciliolate : ray-flowers 9-20 ; ligules yellow, 1.5-2 cm. 
long: disk yellow, 1-1.5 em. broad. 
In low grounds, Maine to Ontario and the Northwest Territory, Florida and Louisiana. 
40. Helianthus resinósus Small. Perennial, dull green. Stems 8-15 dm. tall, 
branching above, rigidly hispidulous : leaves mainly opposite ; blades lanceolate to oblong- 
lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, entire or undulate, very scabrous 
above, rough pubescent beneath and with numerous minute resinous glands i heads showy : 
involucral bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, scabrous- 
pubescent and glandular like the lower surfaces of the leaves, hispid-ciliate : ray-flowers 9- 
15 ; ligules bright yellow, about 2.5 cm. long : disk becoming 2 cm. broad. 
In swamps and meadows, near River Junction, Florida. Summer. 
