CARDUACEAE 1283 
109. ENDORIMA Raf. 
Perennial caulescent sometimes sparingly branched herbs. Leaves alternate, somewhat 
fleshy : blades narrow, entire, sessile. Heads long-peduncled, conspicuous. Involucre 
many-flowered. Receptacle convex-conic, covered with a honey-combed body formed by 
the concreted bractlets. Ray-flowers numerous, in 1 series, neutral, the ligules narrow. 
Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Anthers sagittate. Stigmas flattish, each with a crown 
of hairs and a subulate appendage. Achenes immersed in the pits of the receptacle. 
Pappus of 7-9 oblong-lanceolate nerveless scales in a single series. [Baldwinia Nutt. ] 
Disk dark purple: lower cauline leaves 10-12 cm. long. 1. E. atropurpurea. 
Disk yellow : lower cauline leaves 4-6 cm. long. 2. E. uniflora. 
1. Endorima atropurpùrea (Harper) Small. Stems 6-8 dm. tall, simple or with 1-7 
erect branches : leaf-blades linear-spatulate, the lower ones 10-12 cm. long, the upper gradu- 
ally shorter: involucre nearly as in the following species: ray-flowers numerous ; ligules 
spatulate, 3-4 cm. long, 2-3-toothed at the apex, pale yellow: disk-corollas dark purple : 
achene and pappus nearly like that of E. uniflora. [Baldwinia atropurpurea Harper. ] 
In moist pine lands, southern Georgia. Fall. 
2. Endorima uniflora (Nutt. ) Barnhart. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, simple or rarely branched. 
Leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 1-6 cm. long, obtuse, entire, 1-1.5 mm. high: involucral 
bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute in about 4 series: ray-flowers 20-30 ; ligules yel- 
low, linear-cuneate or tubular, over 2.5 cm. long, usually 3-toothed at the apex: disk- 
corollas yellow, 5-6 mm. long: achenes cylindric-obconic, 2 mm. long, with 7-9 oblong 
pappus-scales. [ Baldwinia uniflora Nutt. ] 
In low pine lands, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
110. ACTINOSPERMUM Ell. 
Annual, biennial or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades flat, narrow, 
entire. Heads radiate, solitary or corymbose. Involucres hemispheric: bracts imbricated 
in several series, appressed, the inner longer than the outer. Receptacle convex, covered 
with the concreted bractlets and honey-combed. Ray-flowers neutral: ligules yellow. 
Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas flattened, 
each with a crown of hairs and a subulate appendage. Achenes broadened upward, silky 
villous. Pappus of 7-12 scarious obovate-orbicular nerveless scales. 
1. Actinospermum angustifdlium (Pursh) T. & G. Stems 2-5 dm. tall, branching 
above. Leaf-blades narrowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 1-4 cm. long, acute, 
entire : heads showy, 6-10 mm. high: involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, acuminate : 
ray-flowers 8-10 ; ligules bright yellow, cuneate, less than 2 cm. long, 3-4-toothed at the 
apex: disk-corollas 4-4.5 mm. long: achenes turbinate, 2 mm. long, each with about 12 
obovate or suborbicular pappus-scales. 
On sand hills and in pine lands, Georgia and Florida. Summer and fall, 
111. MARSHALLIA Schreb. 
Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades simple, flat, entire, more or less 
distinctly 3-nerved. Heads discoid, long-peduncled. Involucres mostly campanulate, or 
hemispheric: bracts narrow, nearly equal, in 1 or2 series. Receptacle convex, sometimes 
becoming conic, chaffy. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : 
corollas white, pink or purple, the tube very slender. Anthers minutely sagittate at the base. 
Stigmas elongated, truncate. Achenes broadened upward, 5-angled. Pappus of 5 or 6 
acute or acuminate nearly equal scales. 
Bracts of the involucre attenuate or subulate-tipped. 
Basal and lower cauline leaves with elongated linear-attenuate 3-ribbed blades. 
Heads few-flowered : longer involucral bracts less than 6 mm. long: pappus-scales ovate. — — 
1. M. laciniarioides. 
Heads many-flowered: longer involueral bracts over 6 mm. long: pappus- x ay 
scales lanceolate. 2. M. Williamsonii. 
Basal and lower cauline leaves with spatulate, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse Ad de 
3. M. graminifolia. 
ades. 
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or merely acute, or apiculate. 
A. Corolla-tube not swollen into a throat. 
Bractlets of the receptacle spatulate. 4. M. obovata. 
Bractlets of the receptacle linear. 3 X 
Pappus-scales mainly over 2 mm. long. 5. M. caespitosa. 
Pappus-scales mainly less than 2 mm. long. 
