1284 CARDUACEAE 
Involucral bracts oblong, apiculate: achene 1.5 mm. long: cauline 
leaves relatively many and narrow. 6. M. ramosa. 
Involueral bracts oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute: achene 
2.5-3 mm. long: cauline leaves few and broad. 7. M. Mohrii. 
B. Corolla-tube swollen into a throat. 
Upper eauline leaves greatly reduced : achenes 4-5 mm. long. 8. M. grandiflora. 
Upper eauline leaves not much reduced : achenes about 2 mm. long. 9. M. trinervia. 
1. Marshallia laciniarioides Small. Stems 3-4 dm. tall, often sparingly branched 
above, leafy to near the top : leaves numerous, the basal and those on the lower part of the 
stem 10-12 cm. long, with linear, or sometimes broadly linear blades, which are attenuate 
at both ends, prominently 3-ribbed, entire ; upper stem-leaves narrowly linear, sessile: pe- 
duncles slender : heads few-flowered : involucres about 5 mm. high ; bracts rigid, attenuate, 
winged below the middle: corolla-tube less than 5 mm. long, villous: achenes 1-1.5 mm. 
long. 
In the low country, North Carolina to Georgia. Summer. 
2. Marshallia Williamsónii Small. Similar to M. laciniarioides in habit, but about 
twice as large. Leaves fewer: heads many-flowered : involucres about 8 mm. high ; bracts 
attenuate, the longer ones mainly over 6 mm. long: corolla-tube over 5 mm. long: achenes 
2.5-3 mm. long. 
In open woods, eastern North and South Carolina. Spriug to fall. 
3. Marshallía graminifólia ( Walt.) Small. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, simple or branching 
above : leaves alternate ; blades 2-8 cm. long, spatulate to oblong, oblong-ovate at the base 
of the stem, to narrowly linear above, entire: involucres many-flowered ; bracts linear- 
lanceolate to linear-elliptic, slender-tipped : corolla-tube 5-6 mm. long : achenes 1-1.5 mm. 
long, often glabrate at maturity, longer than the pappus. 
In pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Summer.—The form with a simple stem 
and a small head, is M. graminifolia cyandnthera (Ell.) Beadle & Boynton. 
4. Marshallia obovàta (Walt.) Beadle & Boynton. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, usually 
simple: leaves mainly at or near the base of the stem ; blades spatulate to oblong or lin- 
ear-spatulate, 1-5 cm. long, or those above the base of the stem longer (5-10 cm. ): pedun- 
cles pubescent under the heads, greatly elongated : involucres many-flowered ; bracts oblong 
or obtuse, 7-8 mm. long: corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long, tomentulose : achenes turbinate, 2 
mm. long, pubescent, much longer than the pappus. 
Inopen woods, North Carolina to Floridaand Alabama. Spring and summer.—The more common 
form is M. obovata platyphylla (M. A. Curtis) Beadle & Boynton; it is represented by larger plants com- 
monly 4-6 dm. tall, with the stem often as long as the peduncle,longer and broader leaf-blades and 
larger heads. 
5. Marshallia caespitdsa Nutt. Stems 2-4 dm. tall, often tufted, simple or sparingly 
branched: leaves mainly at the base of the stem ; blades spatulate or linear-spatulate to 
linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-10 cm. long, acute, entire: peduncles greatly elongated, 
pubescent under the heads: involucres many-flowered: bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate 
acute, 7-9 mm. long: corolla-tube 6—7.5 mm. long, tomentulose : achenes obpyramidal, 
2-2.5 mm. long, pubescent on the angles, shorter than the pappus. 
In calcareous soil, Kansas to Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer.— M. cuespttosa 
ai Beadle & Boynton, is usually branched, and with the stem or branches as long as the peduncles 
6. Marshallia ramdsa Beadle & Boynton. Stems 1.5-2 dm. tall, sometimes clustered, 
corymbosely much-branched above : leaves relatively numerous, the basal and lower cau- 
line 5-15 em. long, with linear-spatulate or nearly linear blades narrowed into petiole-like 
bases, upper cauline leaves more nearly linear: peduncles slender : heads many-flowered : 
involucres 4~6 mm. high; bracts oblong, rounded and minutely apiculate at the apex: 
corolla-tube about 5 mm. long: achenes about 1.5 mm. long: pappus-scales shorter than 
the achene, lacerate above. 
In moist pine lands, southern Georgia. Spring and summer. 
7. Marshallia Móhrii Beadle & Boynton. Stem 4-7 dm. tall, simple or with several 
short branches near the top: leaves few, the basal and lower cauline 1-2.5 dm. long, wit 
narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic or somewhat ispatulate 3-ribbed blades narrowed into 
etiole-like bases, upper cauline leaves remote, with oblong or lanceolate sessile pisos 
eads slender-peduncled, several- to many-flowered: involucres 5-8 mm. high; bracts o 
long-elliptic to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute : corolla-tube about 7 mm. long: achenes 
2.5-3 mm. long: pappus-scales about 2 mm. long, sharply few-toothed. : i 
iia Bn soil or pine woods, in the Lookout Mountain region, Georgia and Alabama. Spring an 
er. 
8. Marshallia grandifldra Beadle & Boynton. Stem 3.5-7 dm. tall, usually simple : 
leaves few, the basal and lower cauline 5-30 cm. long, with spatulate, oblong or elliptic 
