CARDUACEAE 1287 
white ; lobes somewhat shorter than the throat : achenes obconic, 3.5-4 mm. long, appressed- 
pubescent. 
On plains and prairies, Nebraska to Texas. Summer and fall. 
116. FLORESTINA Cass. 
Annual caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately or pedately 3-7-parted 
or entire towards the top of the stem. Heads discoid, numerous, corymbose. Involucres 
turbinate-campanulate: bracts few, nearly equal, broadened upward. Receptacle flat, 
naked. Ray-flowers wanting: disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing: corollas white or 
purplish. Anthers slightly sagittate at the base. Stigmas with pubescent attenuate-subu- 
late appendages. Achenes narrow, nearly terete, 4—5-ribbed. Pappus of 8-10 hyaline 
obtuse or retuse scales. 
1. Florestina tripteris DC. Foliage cinereous-pubescent. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, often 
extensively branched, striate-ridged : leaf-blades various, those of the lower leaves entire, 
ovate to oblong, 1-5 em. long, those of the upper leaves almost pinnately compound, the 
segments similar to the blades of the lower leaves but smaller: peduncles shorter than 
the involucres : heads not showy : involucres 4-5 mm. high ; bracts linear to spatulate, dull 
white at the tip, minutely pubescent : achenes enlarged upward, 3.5-4 mm. long, strigillose. 
On hillsides and prairies, Texas and adjacent Mexico. 
117. POLYPTERIS Nutt. 
Annual or perennial, usually pubescent caulescent herbs. Leaves mainly alternate or 
opposite on the lower part of the stem: blades narrow, mostly entire. Heads discoid or 
radiate, disposed in corymbs. Involucres campanulate to turbinate : bracts narrow, imbri- 
cated in one or twoseries. Receptacle flat, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing, 
or wanting: ligules deeply colored.  Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing: corollas col- 
ored. Anthers entire or emarginate at the base. Stigmas elongated, glandular. Achenes 
rather narrow, 4-angled. Pappus of 8-12 narrow ribbed scales, that of the outer achenes 
more or less reduced. 
Perennial: bracts of the involucre scarious : corolla-throat campanulate. 1. P. integrifolia. 
Annual: bractsof theinvolucre mainly herbaceous: corolla-throat obsolete or nearly 
80. 
Heads homogamous: achenes much broadened upward, less than 4 mm. long. 
Involucres 10-12-flowered : achenes less than 5 mm. long, 2. P. callosa 
Involucres 20-30-flowered : achenes over 5 mm. long. 3. P. Texana 
Heads heterogamous : achenes scarcely broadened upward, over 6 mm. long. 
Bracts of the involucre about 1 cm. long at maturity: leaf-blades indistinctly ; 
3-nerved. : 4. P. Hookeriana. 
Bracts of the involucre 1.5-2 cm. long at maturity : leaf-blades prominently 3- ; 
ribbed. 5. P. maxima. 
1. Polypteris integrifdlia Nutt. Perennial, glabrous or sparingly pubescent. 
Stems 5-15 dm. tall, corymbose above: leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-7 cm. 
long, rather obtuse, entire, short-petioled : peduncles enlarged under the heads, often with 
several scales: heads homogamous: involucral bracts oblong to spatulate, mostly 5-11 
mm. long, mainly scarious and petalloid, obtuse: ray-flowers wanting: corollas white or 
flesh-colored, achenes narrowly obpyramidal, about 4 mm. long, pubescent : pappus scales 
linear-subulate, about. as long as the achenes or longer. 
In dry pine lands, Georgia and Florida. Summer and fall. 
2. Polypteris callósa (Nutt.) A. Gray. Annual, pubescent. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, 
often widely branched above: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 2-7 cm. long, acute, entire, ses- 
sile or short-petioled: peduncles glandular-pubescent : heads homogamous: involucres 
10-12-flowered: bracts linear or linear-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, strigillose, herbaceous : 
achenes narrowly obpyramidal, 3.5-4 mm. long, commonly pubescent : pappus-scales sub- 
orbicular or obovate, obtuse or retuse, the costae scarcely reaching the apex. 
In various situations, Missouri to Texas. Spring to fall. 
3. Polypteris Texàna (DC.)A. Gray. Annual, finely pubescent. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, 
more or less branched: leaf-blades lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 2-8 cm. 
long, entire, often undulate, acute or attenuate, manifestly petioled : peduncles glandular : 
heads homogamous: involucres 20-30-flowered; bracts linear or linear-oblanceolate : 
achenes gradually narrowed to the base, 5.5-6 mm. long. 
In dry or gravelly soil, Texas, New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 
4. Polypteris Hookeriàna (T. & G.) A. Gray. Annual, glandular-pubescent and 
somewhat viscid. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, branched : leaf-blades lanceolate or linear-lanceo- 
