1290 CARDUACEAE 
lor 2series, nearly equal. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-produc- 
ing : ligules yellow, or rarely wanting. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : corollas with 
4 lobes. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas of the disk-flowers with pubescent subu- 
late appendages. Achenes flattened, with ciliate or cartilaginous margins. Pappus of 
1 or 2 longer bristles often with small bristles between, or sometimes crown-like. 
1. Laphamia Lindheimeri A. Gray. Foliage finely but closely pubescent. Stems 
1-3 dm. tall, corymbosely branched : leaf-blades ovate to oblong, 1-2 cm. long, glabrate, 
acute, entire or shallowly serrate, cuneate or truncate at the base, petioled : heads about 
5 mm. high: involucres campanulate ; bracts linear or slightly enlarged upward: ray- 
flowers 3-6 or wanting: pappus a slender bristle about as long as the corolla-tube. 
On rocky banks, Texas. 
124. HELENIUM L. 
Annual, biennial or perennial caulescent bitter herbs. Leaves alternate : blades entire 
or toothed, often decurrent on the stem. Heads radiate or rarely discoid, peduncled. In- 
volucres flattish: bracts narrow, in 1 or 2 series, spreading or reflexed. Receptacle con- 
vex, oblong or subglobose, naked.  Ray-flowers pistillate and fruit-producing, or neutral : 
ligules yellow or brown at the base. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : corolla yellow, 
purple or brown, with glandular lobes. Anthers 2-toothed or sagittate at the base. Stig- 
Pappus of 
mas of the disk flattened and truncate. Achenes broadened upward, truncate. 
5-8 entire, toothed or lacerate acuminate or awn-tipped scales. SNEEZEWEED. 
Ray-flowers pistillate. 
Plants annual or sometimes biennial. 
Leaf-blades narrowly linear or linear-filiform, not decurrent. e 
Disk yellow: leaves with entire blades. ‘1. H. tenuifolium. 
Disk purple-brown : some of the lower cauline leaves with pinnately 
parted blades. 2. H. badium. 
ea ade broader, all or some of them conspicuously decurrent on the 
stem, 
PE oblong eu ovoid. hl 
eceptacie conie or oblong-cylindric: disk becoming much longer 
Spes thiek. ONU z i 3. H. quadridentatum. 
Receptacle ovoid : disk but little longer than thick. 4. H. ooclinum. 
Disk globular. 
Mature disk 4-6 mm. in diameter. 
Receptacle depressed: pappus-scales shorter than the width of 
i the achene i TU Nod 5. H. elegans. 
eceptacle conic-ovoid: pa -scales about 1% the len of the 
M anis visa cdi "6 E 6. H. microcephalum., 
Mature disk 8-10 mm. in diameter. 7. H. amphibolum. 
Plants perennial. 
Receptacle ovoid or conic. : 
Wings of the upper part of the stem and the branches 1 mm. wide or 
dioc act ere n vies: h: ligulesof th fi 6-15 l 
eceptacle 2.5-3.5 mm. high: ligulesof theray-flower mm. long. - 
Disk yellow. M E d : 8. H. parviflorum. 
Disk brown or purple. 9. H.nudiflorum. 
Receptacle 6-7 mm. high: ligules of the ray-flowers 25-30 mm. long. 10. H. campestre. 
Wingsof theupper ow of the stem and the branches over 2 mm. wide: 
receptacle conic. 11. H. polyphyllum. 
Receptacle hemispheric or depressed. 12. H. autumnale. 
Ray-flowers neutral. 
Receptacle ovoid or ovoid-conic: disk globular or globose-spheroidal. 
Disk about 1.5 em. broad : ligules with slender, acute segments : pappus- 
ES eie digected to shout s e ES ; 18. H. fimbriatum. 
isk about 2 em. broad: ligules wit road, obtuse segments: pappus- s 
scales nearly entire. * 14. H. Curtisit. 
Receptacle flattish or depressed-hemispheric : disk similar. 
Disk yellow. $ 
Leaf-blades entire or merely undulate. 15. H. Helenium. 
Leaf-blades sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. res 
Achenes ERN iN c poled i 
chenes pubescent. - dH. SpA 
Disk purple or brown. 18. H. brevifolium. 
1l. Helenium tenuifdlium Nutt. 
subulate, 4-6 mm. long, spreading or reflexed : ray-flowers few ; 
Annual, glabrous or sparingly pubescent above. 
Stems 2-4 dm. tall, often branched into a bushy head: leaves numerous ; 
linear, 1-5 em. long, usually entire, not decurrent : heads showy : involucral bra 
ligules yellow, 
blades narrowly 
cts linear- 
6-7 mm. 
long, 3-4-toothed : disk yellow, 6-8 mm. broad : pappus-scales ovate, prolonged into slender 
tips. 
In waste places and moist soil, Virginia and Missouri to Florida and Texas. Naturalized east- 
ward. Summer and fall. 
