CARDUACEAE 1291 
2. Helenium badium (A. Gray) Greene. Similar to H. tenuifolium in habit, but 
usually more slender, the lower cauline and basal leaves, or some of them, pinnately parted 
into slender segments: disk purplish brown. 
In dry soil, the Indian Territory and Texas. Summer and fall. 
3. Helenium quadridentatum Labill. Annual or biennial, glabrous or nearly so. 
Stems 3-10 dm. tall, loosely branched: leaf-blades various, those of the lower leaves pin- 
natifid, 8-15 cm. long, those of the upperishorter, entire,’narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute 
or acuminate, all usually decurrent as wings: involucral bracts narrowly linear or linear- 
subulate, soon reflexed, 3-5 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, broadly cuneate, 
3-5 mm. long : disk ovoid, becoming conic or oblong : receptacle conic or cylindric-oblong : 
pappus-scales orbicular-oval, obtuse. 
In low grounds, South Carolina to Florida and Texas. Spring to fall. 
4. Helenium ooclinum A. Gray. Similar to H. quadridentatum in habit, the leaf- 
blades, at least those of the lower leaves, less deeply lobed : disk short-ovoid : receptacle 
ovoid : pappus-scales relatively large, ovate, obtuse, almost as long as the achene. 
In low places, in the vicinity of the Rio Grande, Texas, and in northern Mexico. Spring to fall. 
5. Helenium élegans DC. Annual or biennial, glabrate. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, 
branching above: leaf-blades oblong to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, acute, 
sessile and decurrent, those of the lower leaves shallowly toothed : peduncles minutely pu- 
bescent : heads small but showy: involucral bracts linear-subulate, 2-3 mm. long: ligules 
of the ray-flowers yellow, or often brown at the base, cuneate, 5-7 mm. long, 3-toothed : disk 
brown or purplish, subglobose, 4-5 mm. in diameter: pappus-scales oval-ovate, shorter 
than the width of the achene. 
In moist soil, Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 
6. Helenium microcéphalum DC. Annual or biennial, glabrate. Stems 2-8 dm. 
tall, loosely branched above: leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3-6 cm. long, 
acute, sessile and decurrent, those of the lower leaves often toothed : involucral bracts lin- 
ear to linear-subulate, 3-4 mm. long, reflexed: ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 3-5 mm. 
long: disk subglobose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, yellow or fuscous : pappus-scales ovate, about 
4 as long as the achene. 
In moist soil, Texas. Spring and summer. 
7. Helenium amphibolum A. Gray. Similar to the two preceding species in habit, 
but stouter. Stems usually freely branching : leaves various, the lower cauline with mainly 
oblong, toothed or pinnatifid blades, the upper with lanceolate or linear entire blades : 
disk 8-10 mm. in diameter, reddish purple: ligules of the ray-flowers as long as the disk 
or longer : pappus-scales barely as long as the width of the achene. 
In low grounds, along the Rio Grande, southern Texas and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 
8. Helenium parvifldrum Nutt. Perennial, glabrous or nearly so. Stems 2-8 dm. 
tall, much branched: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, acute or 
acuminate, shallowly toothed, more or less contracted near the base, decurrent on the stem 
as narrow wings: heads relatively small: involucral bracts linear-subulate or nearly fili- 
form, 5-9 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers rgo 6-10 mm. long: disk yellow, sub- 
globose, 6-10 mm. in diameter: receptacle ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. high. 
In low grounds, Georgia and Florida to Texas and Arkansas. Summer and fall. 
9. Helenium nudifldrum Nutt. Perennial, more or less puberulent. Stems 2-10 
dm. tall, corymbosely branched above : leaves few ; blades oblanceolate to oblong or linear, 
2.5-12 cm. long, acute, sessile and decurrent on the stem as narrow wings, those of the 
lower leaves often toothed : involucral bracts narrowly linear or linear-subulate, 5-7 mm. 
long: ray-flowers neutral ; ligules yellow or brown-purple or sometimes discolored, 1-1.5 
em. long: disk purplish, less than 10 mm. in diameter: receptacle ovoid, 2.5-3.5 high. 
In swamps and low grounds, Virginia to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 
10. Helenium campéstre Small. Similar to H. nudiflorum, but much larger. Stems 
mostly 1 m. tall or more, sparingly branched above, broadly winged : leaves few ; blades 
various, those of the lower cauline leaves 5-9 cm. long, spatulate, pinnately lobed or pin- 
natifid above the middle, those of the upper cauline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, often 
minutely denticulate : heads showy: involucral bracts oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 
mm. long : ligules of the ray-flowers 2.5-3 cm. long: disk purplish, over 10 mm. in diam- 
eter : receptacle broadly ovoid, 6-7 mm. high. 
In low grounds, near Little Rock, Arkansas. Spring. 
11. Helenium polyphyllum Small. Perennial, finely pubescent. Stems 3-8 dm. 
tall, much branched : leaves numerous ; blades oblong to linear-lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, 
acute, undulate or remotely toothed, decurrent, the wings they form as broad as the blades 
