1292 CARDUACEAE 
or nearly so ; involucral bracts narrowly linear or linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long: ray-flow- 
ers neutral: ligules yellow, 6-12 mm. long: disk purplish, globose-ovoid, 6-8 min. in di- 
ameter: receptacle conic. 
In fields and thickets, northwestern Georgia and Tennessee. Summer and fall. 
12. Helenium autumnale L. Perennial, more or less pubescent. Stems relatively 
stout, 2-7 dm. tall, branched : leaves not conspicuously numerous ; blades oblong to elliptic, 
or slightly broadest above or below the middle, 3-12 cm. long, commonly acuminate, rather 
prominently toothed, sessile and decurrent as narrow wings: involucral bracts linear- 
lanceolate to linear-subulate, 5 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers bright yellow, 1-2 cm. 
long : disks subglobose, 10-16 mm. in diameter. 
In low grounds, Quebec to the Northwest Territory. Florida, Texas and Arizona. 
13. Helenium fimbriàtum (Michx.) A. Gray. Perennial, glabrous below. Stems 
4-8 dm. tall, usually simple : leaf-blades linear-spatulate to broadly linear, 4-12 cm. long, 
acute, entire, sessile and decurrent as narrow wings: peduncle pubescent under the head : 
involucral bracts linear or linear-subulate, 7-10 mm. long: ray-flowers neutral; ligules 
linear-cuneate, 1.5-2 cm. long: disk 1.5-2 cm. broad: receptacle conic-ovoid : pappus- 
scales broad, dissected to below the middle into capillary bristles. 
In low pine lands, Floridato Texas. Spring. 
14. Helenium Curtisii A. Gray. Perennial, nearly glabrous. Stems 5-9 dm. tall, 
simple or sparingly branched above: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear, 4-10 cm. long, ob- 
tuse or acutish, undulate, decurrent as narrow wings: heads showy: involucral bracts 
lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, disk about 2 cm. broad :- ray-flowers 
neutral : ligules 1.5-2 em. long : pappus-scales nearly entire. 
In Iow grounds, North Carolina. Spring and summer. 
15. Helenium Helénium (Nutt.) Small. Perennial, glabrous or puberulent, some- 
what fleshy. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, simple: leaves often mainly basal; blades linear or 
nearly so, 5-15 cm. long, sometimes undulately toothed, narrower and more or less reduced 
on the upper part of the stem : head showy : involucral bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 
5-7 mm. long, spreading : ray-flowers rather numerous : ligules yellow, 10-17 mm. long, 
cuneate : disk depressed-hemispheric, 1.5-2 em. broad, yellow: achenes resinous-dotted : 
pappus-scales erose or laciniate. 
About pine-land ponds, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Spring. 
. 16. Helenium incisum (T. & G.) Small. Perennial, glabrous. Stems 5-7 dm. tall, 
simple : leaf-blades narrowly oblong or linear, pinnatifid, 5-10 cm. long, acutish, the seg- 
ments alternate: peduncle elongated : head showy: involucral bracts linear-subulate, 5-8 
mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long: disk yellow, 2 cm. broad : 
achenes glabrous, about 2 mm. long. 
In low pine lands, Georgia. Spring. 
_ 7. Helenium vernale Walt. Perennial, puberulent or tomentulose and somewhat 
viscidulous. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, simple: leaves mainly basal; blades spatulate to linear, 
6-15 em. long, shallowly toothed or incised-pinnatifid, acute, the segments opposite : heads 
showy : involucral bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long: ligules of the 
flowers yellow, 6-10 mm. long, rather slender, deeply cleft : disk yellow, 8-20 mm. broad : 
achenes 1.5-2 mm. long, pubescent : pappus-scales spatulate to obovate, fimbriate or lacerate. 
In pine-land swamps, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Spring. 
18. Helenium brevifdlium (Nutt.) A. Gray. Perennial, glabrous or glabrate. 
Stems 3-8 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched : leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 2-8 iion: 
long, obtuse or acutish, entire, or sometimes merely undulate, decurrent as narrow Wings: 
heads showy : involucral bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, 8-10 mm. long, acute: ligules 
of the ray-flowers yellow, 1-1.5 em. long: disk purple or brown, 1-1.5 em. broad: achenes 
pubescent: pappus-scales nearly entire. 
In pine-land swamps, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Spring. 
125. AMBLYOLEPIS DC. 
Annual caulescent herbs, fragrant in drying. Leaves alternate : blades membranous, 
entire, the upper sessile and partly clasping, never punctate. Heads radiate, showy. 40- 
volucres broad : bracts of 2 kinds, those of the outer series foliaceous, spreading or reflexed, 
those of the inner series resembling the pappus-scales. Receptacle convex. Ray-flowers 
pistillate, fruit-producing. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : corollas with tube and 
throat of equal length; lobes glabrous. Achenes broadened upward, with 10 stout ribs. 
Pappus of several nerveless mostly obtuse scales. 
