CARDUACEAE 1299 
5. Artemisia biénnis Willd. Biennial, glabrous, inodorous, insipid. Stems 2-10 
dm. tall, nearly simple or sparingly branched: leaves numerous ; blades once or twice pin- 
nately divided, the segments lanceolate or linear, incised-pinnatifid or pinnatifid : panicle- 
branches ending in spike-like racemes: heads not drooping, crowded in axillary clusters : 
involucres about 2 mm. high, with the central flowers perfect and fruit-producing ; bracts 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate : achenes oblong or oblong-obovoid, barely 1 mm. long. 
In rocky soil, Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory to Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Missouri, 
mainly naturalized eastward. Summer and fall. 
6. Artemisia vulgaris L. Perennial, lanate-tomentose. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, pan- 
iculately branched : leaves numerous ; blades various, twice pinnatifid or pinnately parted, 
the segments lanceolate or linear : heads cylindric-campanulate : involucres 4-5 mm. high, 
with the central flowers fruit-producing ; bracts oblong to oblong-lanceolate : achenes 1.5-2 
mm. long. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Michigan, New Jersey and Tennessee. Summer and fall 
7. Artemisia gnaphalódes Nutt. Perennial, lanate-tomentose. Stems 3-13 dm. 
tall, more or less branched: leaves numerous ; blades oblong, linear or linear-lanceolate, 
3-7 cm. long or those clustered in the axils shorter, all entire or incised-serrate, about 
equally white-woolly or tomentose on both sides: heads numerous, loosely racemose, panic- 
ulate at maturity, over 3 mm. in diameter: involucres oblong-campanulate ; bracts densely 
woolly. 
On dry plains and prairies, Ontario to British Columbia, Texas and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
8. Artemisia Mexicana Willd. Perennial, less densely pubescent than A. gnaphalodes. 
Stems 6-12 dm. tall, paniculately branched : leaves numerous; blades linear to narrowly 
lanceolate, entire or those of the lower leaves incisely 3-cleft, or pinnatifid to pinnately 3-5- 
cleft, densely white woolly beneath, green and partially glabrous above: heads numerous, 
about 2 mm. in diameter: involucres campanulate ; bracts canescent or woolly. 
On prairies or hillsides, Arkansas to Arizona and Mexico. Summer and fall. 
136. SOLIVA R. & P. 
Annual caulescent herbs low in habit. Leaves mainly alternate : blades pinnately 
dissected, petioled : heads heterogamous, discoid, sessile in the axils. Involucres thick : 
bracts about equal, 5-12 in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle flat. Flowers mainly pistillate, and 
without corollas, few, perfect, commonly at the center of the disk. Corollas greenish. An- 
thers obtuse at the base. Achenes flattened, with firm wings or callous margins, these 
terminating in spines, the persistent style spine-like. Pappus wanting. 
1. Soliva nasturtiifòlia (Juss.) DC. Foliage minutely pubescent. Stems very 
short : leaf-blades 4-10 mm. long, pinnately DA into 5-9 oblong or linear, entire or few- 
toothed segments ; petioles as long as the blades or longer: heads not showy, subglobose, 
3-6 mm. in diameter : involucral bracts linear to linear-spatulate, 2-2.5 mm. long: achenes 
numerous, cuneate, 1.5-2 mm. long, the margins thickened and tubercular-rugose. 
In waste places, North Carolina to Florida. 
137. HAPLOESTHES A. Gray. 
Perennial caulescent, partly woody and partly fleshy plants. Leaves opposite : blades 
narrow, entire, the lower connate-sheathing. Heads corymbose, heterogamous, radiate. 
Involucre of few broad many-nerved bracts. Receptacle flat or slightly convex, naked. 
Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing, with yellow ligules. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit- 
producing. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Stigmas of the disk-flowers capitate- 
truncate. Achenes narrow, 10-ribbed. Pappus of 1 series of slender scabrous bristles. 
1. Haploesthes Gréggii A. Gray. Stems usually branched at the base, the branches 3- 
6 dm. tall, glabrous, striate, corymbose above: leaves fleshy, the lower ones connate and 
sheathing the stem ; blades narrowly linear or linear-filiform, 2-4 cm. long, entire: heads 
ior UN Fa few together in cymes: involucres 3-3.5 mm. high ; bracts few, oval to 
orbicular, rounded at the apex, thin-margined: ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 2-4 mm. 
long: achenes 2 mm. long. 
In saline soil, southeastern Colorado to Texas and adjacent Mexico. Spring to fall. 
138. ÁRNICA L. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with simple or sparingly branched stems. Leaves normally 
opposite, sometimes mainly basal : blades flat, entire or toothed. Heads peduncled, radi - 
ate or rarely discoid, solitary orseveral. Involucres many-flowered : bracts narrow, nearly 
