1310 CICHORIACEAE 
bracts in several series, dry, leathery or parchment-like. Receptacle flat, naked or rarely 
pubescent or fimbrillate. Corollas rose-purple, white or rarely blue, all 2-lipped, those at 
the margin of the disk with larger lower lips. Stigmas flattened, truncate or brush-like. 
Achenes terete or slightly angled, usually papillose-puberulent, sometimes narrow near the 
apex, but not beaked. Pappus of numerous scabrous, sometimes rigid hair-like bristles. 
Caulescent: leaf-blades merely toothed. 1. P. nana. 
Acaulescent : leaf-blades runcinate-pinnatifid. 2. P. runcinata. 
1. Perezia nana A. Gray. Caulescent, the foliage glabrous. Leaves alternate ; 
blades parchment-like, orbicular to ovate or obovate, 2.5-5 em. long, spiny-toothed, sessile 
and partly clasping : involucre lax ; bracts ovate to oblong-ovate and broadly linear, the 
outer 4-5 mm. long, the inner 10-15 mm. long: achenes 5—5.5 mm. long. 
On dry plains and rocky bluffs, southern Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Spring to fall. 
2. Perezia runcinàta Lag.  Acaulescent, the foliage scabrous-pubescent or glabrate. 
Leaves basal; blades papery, oblong to oblanceolate in outline, 5-20 cm. long, runcinate- 
pinnatifid, the segments spinulose-fringed : involucres lax ; bracts mainly oblong to lanceo- 
late and linear, with acuminate or bristle tips, the outer 3-4 mm. long, the inner some- 
xe 20 mm. long: central corollas purple, the tube about 1 em. long : achenes 5-6 mm. 
ong. 
In dry soil, Texas and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 
FAMILY 3. CICHORIACEAE Reichenb. CHICORY FAMILY. 
Annual or perennial scapose or caulescent herbs, with a bitter acrid or milky 
sap. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal; blades entire, or variously toothed 
or parted. Flowers perfect, all alike in peduncled or rarely sessile involucrate 
heads. Involucres of 1 or several rows of bracts. Receptacle flat or flattish, 
naked or scaly, smooth, pitted or honeycombed. Pappus of scales or hair-like or 
plumose bristles, sometimes both together. Corollas gamopetalous, commonly 
yellow, sometimes white, pink, blue, or purple: tubes variable in length ; limb 
a strap-shaped usually 5-toothed ligule. Anthers connate around the style : sacs 
sagittate or auricled at the base, not tailed, usually appendaged at the top. 
Pollen-grains mostly 2-sided. Ovary 1-celled. Stigmas 2. Ovules solitary, ana- 
tropous. Fruit an achene. Seed erect. Endosperm wanting. Embryo with 
the radicle narrower than the cotyledons. 
Pappus of simple hair-like bristles. 
Achenes smooth or merely papillose. 
Achenes cylindric or prismatic. 
Achenes narrowed at the base. 
bang i achenes truncate. 
isks or ligules pale, cream-color or purple. J. NABALUS. 
Disks or ligules yellow, orange or aa . HIERACIUM. 
Top of achenes narrowed or beaked. A 
appus-bristles surrounded by a ring of villous hairs at the base, re- 
ceptacle naked. : 3 
Pappus-bristles not surrounded by a ringof hairs; receptacle chaffy. 4 
Achenes terete, cylindric, not narrowed at either end. 5 
Achenes flattened. 
Achenes narrowed at the top or beaked. LACTUCA. 
8 
9 
to 
. SITILIAS. 
. PINAROPAPPUS. 
. LYGODESMIA. 
Achenes truncate at the top. - BONCHUP 
Achenes tuberculate or spinulose, or with spine-like processes. . TARAXACUM. 
Pappus of scales, or scales and bristles, or wanting. 
Pappus at least in part of plumose bristles. 
: Pappus of scales or of both scales and bristles or wanting. 
Disk and ligules yellow or orange. 
. TRAGOPOGON. 
Pappus of broad scales, with or without bristles. . 10. ADOPOGON. 
_ Pappus wanting or obsolete. 3 [eor 
Disk and ligules white, pink, blue or purple. 12. VICH ; 
1. NABALUS Cass. 
Perennial caulescent herbs with racemosely or paniculately branched stems. Leaves 
alternate: blades toothed, lobed or pinnatifid, sometimes divided, petioled or the upper 
ones clasping. Heads small, usually nodding, often clustered. Involucres narrow, cylin- 
drie, double; inner of 1 or 2 series of nearly equal bracts ; outer of few very small d 
Receptace flat, naked. Corollas pale, cream-colored or purplish ; ligules truncate an 
toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas slender. Achenes oblong to 
