1312 CICHORIACEAE 
drooping, rather few in each cluster: involucres glabrous, purplish or pale green ; larger 
bracts of the outer involucre ovate or triangular-ovate ; inner bracts glabrous, about as long 
as the pappus : corollas pale yellow or whitish : achenes 4-6 mm. long : pappus light brown. 
In woods and thickets, Maine to Pennsylvania and North Carolina. Summer and fall. 
7. Nabalus cylíndricus Small. Perennial, deep green. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, nearly 
simple, glabrous, finely ridged, each topped with a narrowly cylindric panicle: leaf- 
blades triangular or ovate-triangular in outline, 5-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 3-lobed 
or 3-cleft and sinuate or angularly toothed, truncate or cordate at the base, lower ones on 
long slender petioles, the upper shorter-petioled : heads in axillary clusters, thus form- 
ing a narrowly cylindric panicle: involucres narrow, about 10-11 cm. high ; inner bracts 
linear or linear-lanceolate, with few scattered hairs, slightly shorter than the pappus: 
achenes 5-6 mm. long, glabrous. 
On mountain slopes, Kentucky to North Carolina and Tennessee. Fall. 
8. Nabalus virgatus (Michx.) DC. Perennial, glabrous, glaucescent. Stems 6-12 
dm. tall, wand-like: leaf-blades various, those of the basal and lower stem-leaves 1-3 dm. 
long, sinuate-pinnatifid or pinnately parted ; segments entire or toothed ; blades of the 
upper leaves gradually smaller and narrower, entire, sessile: panicle narrow and raceme- 
like, 2-5 dm. long, sometimes much reduced : involucres about 10 mm. high ; inner bracts 
linear, glabrous: ligules white or pink: achenes about 4 mm. long, brown: pappus straw- 
colored. [Prenanthes virgata Michx. ] 
In pine lands, New Jersey to Florida. Fall. 
9. Nabalus ásper (Michx.) T. & G. Perennial, sometimes scabro-pubescent. Stems 
erect, 1-2 dm. tall, narrowly branched above : leaf-blades oblong to lanceolate or elliptic, 
4-20 em. long, irregularly often sharply toothed, sessile, sometimes slightly clasping: in- 
volucres 12-14 mm. high: bracts linear or small, outer ones linear-subulate, all more or 
less distinctly hirsute : ligules cream-colored, often fully 1 em. long : achenes 5-6 mm. long: 
pappus sordid brown or pale straw-colored.  [ Prenanthes aspera Michx.] 
On dry prairies, Minnesota, south to Kentucky, Kansas and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
10. Nabalus crepidíneus (Michx.) DC. Perennial, minutely pubescent or gla- 
brate. Stems 1-2 m. tall, branching above : leaf-blades varying from hastate at the base 
of stem to ovate-hastate or oblong above, 1-3 dm. long, gradually or abruptly narrowed 
into winged petioles, coarsely and irregularly dentate: involucres about 12 mm. long; 
bracts linear, copiously strigose-hirsute on the back, the outer triangular lanceolate to 
linear-lanceolate: ligules ochroleucous: achenes 4-5 mm. long, 12-15-ribbed, 4 or 5 ribs 
stronger than the rest: pappus dirty brown,  [ Prenanthes crepidineus Michx. ] 
In rich soil and thickets, Minnesota to Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Kansas. Summer and fall. 
2. HIERACIUM L. 
Perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs, with pubescent, often glandular, or rarely gla- 
brous foliage. Leaves sometimes all basal: blades simple, entire or toothed. Heads soli- 
tary, or in corymbs, racemes or panicles, yellow, or orange or red. Involucres various, often 
double ; inner of narrow bracts in 1-3 series, outer abruptly or gradually smaller. Recep- 
tacle flat, naked or slightly fimbrillate. Ligules truncate and toothed at the apex. 
Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas slender. Achenes oblong, fusiform or columnar, 
10-15-ribbed, truncate or narrowed into a neck. Pappus of 1-2 rows of brown or rarely 
white bristles. HAwKWEED. 
Stems regularly leafy to the broad, more or less effuse panicle : leaf-blades not of a spatulate type. 
Blades of the lower leaves narrowed at the base: Draad 4-5.5 mm. high: achenes columnar, 2 
mm. long. 1. H. paniculatum. 
Blades of the lower leaves subco1 date at the base: involucres 7-9 mm. high: : 
achenes fusiform, 3 mm. long. 2. H. Floridanum. 
Stems more or less s wif sae eorymbose or narrowly cylindric-campanulate 
above: leaves mainly basal, or on the lower part of the stem, some of the 
lower blades of a spatulate type. 
A. oe oahu ox i is 1 
nger involucral bracts glabrous or nearly so. P ; 
Pappus shorter than the involucre. 3. H. Scribnert. 
Pappus surpassing the involucre. : 
Stems nearly naked, glabrous: peduncles glabrous or sparingly glan- 
dular-pubescent. : 
Stems leafy and pubescent at least below: peduncles densely glan- 
n ; Sa mbare a "i : 
nger involueral braets copiously pubescent. ; 
al a os than e involucre. 3. H. Scribnert. 
appus longer than the involucre. H 
a. Stems scape-like, glabrous to the inflorescence. 6. H. Grent. 
4. H. venosum. 
5. H. Marianum. 
