CICHORIACEAE 1315 
3. Sitilias grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene. Foliage minutely pubescent. Leaves basal, 
blades 3-20 cm. long, pinnatifid ; segments entire or sinuate : scapes erect or ascending, 
solitary, tufted, 1-3 dm. tall, simple: involucres about 1.5 cm. long : inner bracts narrowly 
linear, outer bracts less than 3 as long as the inner: ligules linear or linear-oblong, 1.5-2 
cm. long. 
On prairies, Kansas to Arkansas and Texas. Spring to fall. 
4. PINAROPÁPPUS Less. 
Perennial caulescent herbs, with leafy or scape-like stems. Leaves sometimes basal : 
blades narrow, remotely pinnately-toothed or pinnatifid, or entire. Heads pink or white, 
long-peduncled. Involucres campanulate : bracts in several series, the inner narrower than 
the outer. Receptacle flat, somewhat chaffy. Ligules of the ray-flowers truncate and toothed 
at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas slender. Achenes narrow, terete or 
somewhat angled, 10-15-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus of many very slender bristles. 
1. Pinaropappus róseus Less. Foliage glabrous, glaucescent. Stems erect, or 
branched at the base, the branches often ascending, 1-3 dm. tall, nearly naked, or leafy 
near the base, upper parts elongated: leaf-blades linear to lanceolate, 3+10 cm. long, 
entire or pinnatifid, acute or acuminate : involucres campanulate, about 1 cm. high; bracts 
oblong to linear-lanceolate or linear, the outer obtuse, the inner acute : ligules linear, 1-1.5 
cm. long, rose or white: achenes slender, 4-5 mm. long. 
On stony prairies, Texas and adjacent Mexico. Spring and summer. 
5. LYGODESMIA D. Don. 
Annual or perennial caulescent herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, with rigid, some- 
times rush-like stems. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire or remotely pinnately- 
toothed, sometimes reduced to inconspicuous scales. Heads pink or purple, 3-12-flowered, 
short- or long-peduncled. Involucres cylindric, double; inner of 5-8 slightly united bracts ; 
outer of several very small bracts. Receptacle flat, notched. Ligules toothed at the apex. 
Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas slender. Achenes narrow, smooth or slightly ribbed. 
Pappus of many nearly equal very slender bristles. 
Leaves reduced to scales, or sometimes with few linear blades at the base of the stem: 
achenes 10-13 mm. long, nearly as long as the pappus. E 
Leaves, all or some of them, with pinnately-lobed blades: achenes 14-15 mm. long, often 
longer than the pappus. 
l. Lygodesmia aphylla (Nutt.) DC. Stems erect or ascending, 3-8 dm. tall, solitary 
or tufted, rush-like, naked or nearly so, forking above: leaves wanting, or represented by 
narrow scales, or a few elongated linear blades at base of stem: involucres cylindric, about 
2 cm. long : bracts various, the outer small, 1-3 mm. long, the inner linear: ligules rose- 
colored, 1.5-2 cm. long, toothed at the apex: achenes narrow, 10-13 mm. long, nearly as 
long as the white pappus. 
In dry pine lands, Georgia and Florida. Summer. 
2. Lygodesmia Texàna (T. & G.) Greene. Stems erect, 2-6 dm. tall, solitary, fork- 
ing above : leaves mainly at the base of the stem ; blades linear or linear-filiform, entire or 
remotely pinnately lobed ; lobes small, 1-7 em. long, entire: involucres about 1.5 cm. long : 
bracts various, the outer small, the inner linear, scarious-margined : ligules rose-colored, 
about 1.5 em. long, toothed at the apex : achenes narrow, 14-15 mm. long, often longer than 
the pappus. [L. aphylla var. Terana T. & G.] 
In rocky hills, Texas. Summer. 
1. L. aphylla. 
2. L. Tezana. 
6. LACTUCA L. 
Annual, biennial or perennial often coarse herbs, with glabrous or sometimes prickly 
foliage. Stems often tall, racemose or paniculate above. Heads white, yellow or blue, 
rather small, often numerous. Involucres cylindric : bracts disposed in 2 involucres, the 
inner of 1 or 2 series of nearly equal bracts, the outer of several series of much shorter 
bracts, or the outer and inner bracts gradually merging. Receptacle flat, naked. Ligules 
often inconspicuous, truncate and toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. 
Stigmas usually slender. Achenes flattened, oval to linear, 3-5-ribbed, narrowed above, 
sometimes into a neck, sometimes into a slender beak. Pappus copious, of hair-like white 
or brown bristles. Lerruce. Woop Lerruce. WILD LETTUCE. 
