334 OXXIX. PINACEH (Stapf). | Weddringioma. 
2-15 pollen-sacs, squamiform or more or less differentiated into a 
claw or stalk (filament) and a variously modified and often much 
reduced blade (connective) ; pollen-grains with or without vesicular 
appendages. Female cones terminal or axillary; scales very 
numerous or few, sometimes only a part of them fertile, simple or 
with a scale- or ligule-like suprabasal appendage (ovuliferous scale) 
on the upper adaxial side, the fertile bearing 1-8 ovules direct or 
on the ovuliferous scale ; ovules erect or more often inverted, always 
shorter than their scales and covered by them; integument l. 
Mature cones mostly developed as typical “cones” with enlarged 
indurated scales or the scales proper arrested and their appendages 
enlarged, more rarely the mature scales fleshy and the cone owing 
to their fusion at length berry-like (galbule). Seeds always enclosed, 
winged by the adhesion of a portion of the ovuliferous scale, or by 
wing-like expansions of the testa; testa crustaceous to woody 
without an aril or arilloid covering —Shrubs or trees ; leaves spirally 
arranged or in whorls, needle-like or linear or lanceolate to ovate or 
squamiform, mostly evergreen. 
Genera 25-30, with 250-300 species, mostly in the temperate zone of the 
northern hemisphere. 
Mature cones woody, dehiscing with 4 very thick valves 1, WIDDRINGTONIA. 
Mature cones fleshy, berry-like (galbules) snc ... 2. JUNIPERUS. 
1. WIDDRINGTONIA, Endl. Cat. Hort. Vindob. i. 209. 
Dicecious. Male cones small, terminal, solitary, sessile ; scales 
decussately opposite, rhomboid-deltoid, produced into an upwards 
rapidly decreasing beak, with 2-6 dorsal pollen-sacs at the base. 
Pollen-grains globose, without appendages. Female cones small, 
axillary, sessile, lax or in dense, sometimes much reduced and short 
spikes, scattered along elongated shoots ; scales opposite in 2 alter- 
nating pairs, divaricate at the time of pollination, then closing up, 
corky-coriaceous, apiculate; ovules 5 or more at the base of each 
scale, erect, with a single integument. Mature cones woody, ovoid 
or globose, opening with 4 very thick erect valves corresponding to 
the 4scales. Seeds few, erect ; ovoid or 3-gonous ; testa crustaceous, 
winged. Embryo axile; cotyledons 2.—Evergreen trees. Leaves 
passing from a spiral arrangement in the juvenile state and long- 
shoots to a strictly decussate-opposite arrangement in the adult 
state (except the long-shoots), acicular in the juvenile form, squam!- 
form and tightly appressed in the adult. Cones the size of a small 
plum, usually in lateral clusters. 
Species 4, in South Africa and the mountains of southern tropical Africa. 
1. W. Whytei, Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 60, t. 9; 
figs. 6-11. A tall tree up to 140 ft. high; trunk up to over 5 it. 
