336 CXXIX. PINACEH (Stapf). [J unaperus. 
peltate with 2-6 dorsal pollen-sacs near the base; pollen-grains 
globose, without appendages. Female cones very small at the 
time of pollination ; scales in 2-4 series, opposite or in whorls of 3, 
imbricate, free or more or less connate below, with or without a fleshy 
cushion-like thickening on the inner surface, the lower and often 
also the uppermost barren ; ovules 2-1 in front of each fertile scale 
or alternating with the nearest scales, erect, with a single integument. 
Mature cones (galbules) berry-like, formed by the fusion of the scales 
which become more or less fleshy during maturation. Seeds few 
to 1, usually entirely enclosed in the galbules, free, rarely united 
into a several-celled false putamen ; testa coriaceous to bony. Em- 
bryo axile ; cotyledons 2-3, very rarely more.—Evergreen shrubs 
or trees. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, acicular or squamiform, 
frequently heteromorphous—acicular in the juvenile and squami- 
form in the adult state. Cones axillary or terminal on usually short 
branchlets. Galbules dark blue or reddish-brown, from the size 
of a pea to that of a walnut. 
Species about 30, in the northern hemisphere, some extending to the moun- 
tains of the tropical regions. 
1. J. procera, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 278. A 
tall tree up to over 100 ft. high, often with a straight trunk up to 
over 3 ft. in diam. and a loose top; ultimate ramifications of the 
adult plant slender, under 4 lin. in diam. Leaves of juvenile state 
acicular, 3-43 lin. long, of adult state squamiform, in whorls of 3 or, 
more usually, decussately opposite; those of the older branches 
with triangular to ovate acutely acuminate and pungent free blades, 
up to over | lin. long, and more or less square decurrent bases, those 
of the penultimate and ultimate branchlets squamiform, loosely 
appressed so that the contour of the branchlets is broken (zigzag), 
with ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate acute dorsally strongly convex 
free blades and somewhat shorter triangular decurrent bases, the 
whole leaf }-1 lin. long, green, with a linear to linear-oblong resin- 
gland on the back. Male cones solitary and terminal on branchlets 
of the ultimate and penultimate order, usually very copious, ellipsoid- 
globose, 1-1} lin. long, ebracteate and subsessile in the cup formed 
by the uppermost foliage-leaves ; scales in about 6 decussate pairs, 
ovate-rotundate or rotundate, obtuse or subapiculate ; pollen-sacs 
2-3. Female cones solitary and terminal on branchlets of the 
ultimate and penultimate order, much less copious than the male, 
subglobose, about } lin. in diam. at the time of pollination, sessile 
in the cup formed by the uppermost foliage leaves ; scales in 3-4 
decussate Ambricate pairs, broad-ovate, obtuse or obtusely apiculate, 
with a thick fleshy cushion on the inner (upper) face (or the lower 
pair without it), extending to or beyond the middle, or in the uppet- 
most pair the whole scale fleshy ending in an obtuse boss, the scale- 
