346 CXXX. CYCADACE® (Prain). [Cycas. 
au debut du xx® Siécle, 117; Heckel in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, 
sér, 2, vili. 48, 256, 276, 328; Kirk ex Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1916, 
2; Stapf, le. 8. C. circinalis, Pet. Thouars, Hist. Veg. 2, tt. 1, 2; 
Richard, Conif. et Cycad. 187 in part, tt. 25, 26 but excl. t. 24; Bojer, 
Hort. Maurit. 301; Pollen, Recherches s.l. Faune de Madagascar, 
Rel. Voy. t. 19 ; Regel in Gartenfl. xxv. 1876, 49, as to syn. C. mada- 
gascariensis only ; Dyer in Challenger Rep. Bot. i. iii. 207 and in 
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 656, as to African material; Engl. in Pf. 
Ost-Afr. A. 5, C. 422; Warburg in Engl. lc. B. 167, 172 ; Werth, 
Veg. Insel. Sansibar, 94; notofLinn. C. circinalis, subsp. Thouarsii, 
Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. ii. 82. C. madagascariensis, Miq. Comment. 
Phytogr. 127, Monogr. Cycad. 32, and in Linnea, xvii. 1843, 699, 
excl. cit. t. 24 Richard ; Duchartre, l.c. 246, as syn. ; Heckel, l.c. 329. 
C. comorensis, Bruant, Cat. printemps 1888, n. 195, 5; Duchartre, 
Lc. 246, as syn. C.sp., Duchartre in Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr. sér. 
3, ix. 48. 
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar: cultivated specimens, Kirk! Miss Thackeray! 
Werth. German East Africa: Mrogoro; thickets at Ussungula, on the Ruvu, 
about 50 miles inland from Bagamoyo and Dar-es-Salaam, Bley. Portuguese 
East Africa: Zambesi Delta; on the banks of the Luabo distributary, Kirk! 
sea-coast between the Kongoni and the Melambe mouths, Kirk ! 
_ Also in the Comoro Islands, in Madagascar and, as an introduced species, 
in Mauritius. 
Possibly, though this is doubtful, the Mpapindi of the Kisuah (Stuhlmann). 
This species is said to be a source of Sago in Madagascar and perhaps Mauritius 
(Baron, Bojer, Heckel); there is so far no evidence of its economic use on the 
African continent (Warburg). A littoral species in Mozambique, it appears to be 
absent from the coast of German East Africa (#ngler) though it is said to occur 
there some distance inland (Bley, Warburg). The only African member of the 
genus Cycas, this species is most nearly allied to C. Rumphii, Miq., from south- 
eastern Asia (Braun), and rather less closely to C. circinalis, Linn., from southern 
India and south-eastern Asia (Stapf), of which it has been considered by some 
authors to be a geographical form. Undoubtedly indigenous in the Comoro 
group (Kirk, Hildebrandt) and in certain parts of northern and eastern Mada- 
gascar (Drake del Castillo, Pollen, Baron), this species may perhaps owe its 
presence in the Zambesi delta to other than human agency. Its introduction 
to Mauritius, apparently from Madagascar, is known to have been deliberate 3 
in Zanzibar its occurrence is attributed to Arabs trading with the Comoro 
Islands (Werth) and there is at least the possibility that at Ussungula in Mrogoro 
it may mark the site of some bygone Arab trading station. 
2. ENCEPHALARTOS, Lehm.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 445. 
Cones 1-sexual, dicecious. Males subterminal, peduncled, solitary 
or several; scales closely imbricate, apex subpeltate, somewhat 
decurved, barren ; pollen-sacs ovoid, closely set on the lower face of 
the claw. Females subterminal, nearly sessile, ellipsoid or oblong ; 
scales imbricate, distinctly stipitate, peltate, thick, more or less 
reniform, with an expanded somewhat triangular flattened, convex oF 
prismatic apex and an ovule-bearing basal sinus on either side behind ; 
