326 CLVI. CYPERACEE (CLARKE). [ Cyperus. 
C. curvulus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 541 partly. C. densus and (. 
involutus, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 63 (names only). 
Nile Land. Hanish (Harnish) Island, in the Red Sea, Slade! Eritrea: near 
Massowa, Steuduner, 9162, Schweinfurth & Riva, 208! Abyssinia, Salt / 
Also in Egypt, Syria, Arabia, Socotra and Sind. 
The spikelets in this species are usually 20-40-flowered (the glumes standing 
much closer than in C, conglomeratus), and sometimes they are (though narrow) 
more than 13 in. long with 60 flowers. It should be understood that this series (our 
species 19-21) are considered but one species by Boissier and by Cosson (botanists 
who generally took a narrow view of species) ; while Boeckeler has described them as 
6 or 7 species. The variability of the series is great, and a middle course has been 
taken here of collecting the forms under the 3 old types of Rottboell. But as 
Boeckeler has grounded his species largely on the size of the specimens, the curva- 
ture of the stems, &c, (esteemed as of small import here), the synonymy has become 
both complex and imperfect. 
22. C. maritimus, Poir. in Lum. Encycl. vii. 240. Glabrous. 
Stolons up to 12 in. long, } in. in diam., terete; nodes 1 in. apart, 
scales 1 in. long, elliptic-oblong; roots not woolly. Stems 4-16 in. 
long, stout, trigonous, smooth, often approximate. Leaves often as 
long as the stem, !—} in. broad, coarse, tough, hardly scabrous. Umbel 
much contracted, usually 1 compound head, when young pallid or 
cinnamon-coloured, when ripe deep brown; bracts 3-6, lowest 4-8 in. 
long, similar to the leaves. Spikelets often 10-20 to a spike (3 or 5 
spikes agglomerated or nearly so), $ by } in., 8-14-flowered, slightly 
compressed, Glumes ovate, obtuse, hardly apiculate, round on the 
back, many-nerved. Nut 4 the length of the glume, obovoid, shining 
black.—-Kunth, Enum. ii. 47 ; Boeck. in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 
539, and in Linnea, xxxv. 539; ©. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soe. xx. 
285, and in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 569; Ridley 1n 
Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 135 ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Air. 
C. 119; Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, i. 290; Rendle in Cat. 
Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 113. C. rigidus, Vahl, Enum. ii. 309. C. heterophyllus, 
Boeck. in Flora, 1859, 441. 
Upper Guinea. (Gold Coast, Krause, 103! 
Lower Guinea. Congo, Smith! Daniell! Angola: Ambriz; near P outa 
@Ambriz, Welwitsch, 7039! Loanda ; in dry sandy and gravelly soil, Welwitsch, 
7044! 7050! 
Mozamb. Dist. Zanzibar, Hildebrandt, 1068! Kuntze, 204! German Kast 
Africa: Usaramo; Bagamoya, Hildebrandt, 10688! Rovama River, Meller: 
Rovuma Bay, Kirk! Portuguese East Africa: Raza Island, Forbes, 42! Bem 
Kuntze, 302! Quilimane, Berlin Herb.! Zambesi Delta ; Kongone River, Kirk! 
Also in Madagascar. 
The spikelets flowers und nuts in this species are exceedingly like those of large 
examples of C, conglomeratus. ; 
Var. crassipes, C. B, Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v- Lg 
Stems very stout, tufted on a short thick oblique rhizome. Umbel contracted into 
1 dense compound head 2 in. (sometimes more) in diam., with 60-100 ment 
—Durand & Schinz, Etudes Fl. Congo, i. 291; Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 114 
