374 CLVI. CYPERACEA (CLARKE). [ Cyperus. 
rhachilla are yellow and caducous, These wings in C. rotundus and C. longus are 
sometimes rather early caducous and discoloured ; still not so much so as in Schwein- 
furth, 2025, which may indicate a new species. 
116. C. Papyrus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,70. Glabrous. Rhizome 
woody. Stems subsolitary, 8-15 ft. high, at the base suberect, at the top 
trigonous or acutely triquetrous or nearly terete. Leaves to the flowering 
stem (,i.e. the basal sheaths are shortly produced, discoloured, with 
hardly any green termination ; but green leaves up to 1 by } in. are 
formed on the barren shoots. Primary rays of the umbel often 30, up. 
to a foot long: bracts up to 34 by } in., lanceolate, discoloured with no 
green termination. Spikes 1 by } in., with 20-30 spreading spikelets. 
Spikelets } by ,; in., nearly terete, 6—15-flowered, passing from dusky 
straw-colour into brown. Glumes broadly elliptic, hardly keeled, 
obtuse, often emarginate with a very minute mucro, deciduous, rhachilla 
slender ; wings lanceolate, yellow, early falling with the glumes. Stamens 
3; anthers linear-oblong, the connective bearing a crest 4—} the length 
of the anther. Nut 4-2 the length of the glume, ellipsoid, subequally 
trigonous, ashy-black. Style 4 the length of the nut, slender ; branches 
3, linear, small.— Benth. in Hook. N iger, Fl. 551; Parl. Mém. Papyrus, 
32, t. 2, in Mém. Sav. Etrang. St. Pétersb. xii. (1854) 501 (cfr. Parl. in 
Comptes-rendus Acad. Paris, xxxv. (1852) 211-217) ; Boeck. in Linnea, 
xxxvi. 303; C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 571, 
and in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Append. iii. 30; Ridley in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 141; Wydler in Flora, 1864, 609-616, 1865, 40; 
Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 118. C. syriacus, Parl. FI. Ital. i. 43, 
Mem. Papyrus, 31, and Mém. Sav. Etrang. St. Pétersb. xii. (1854) 501, 
as to the Sicily plant. Papyrus Sicula, Parl. in Hook. Kew Journ. 1. 
(1851) 189. P. Antiquorum, Link, Enum. i. 47; cfr. Haberlandt in 
Flora, 1878, 175.—Zimmermann, de Papyro; cfr. Flora, 1867, 397. 
Upper Guinea. Lagos, Don! Barter, 20153! Ogowe, Buchholz! Old 
Calabar, Rodd ! 
Lower Guinea. Lower Congo: Kisantu, Gillet, 511!. Congo, Smith, 7! 
Curror ! Gaboon: Loango; in a swamp at Ponta Negra, Soyauz, 106! Angola: 
Loanda ; ponds of Maghellao near Boa Vista, Welwitsch, 7085! Golungo Alto; 
banks of the River Delamboa, Welwitsch, 7104! i 
South Central. Congo Free State, Dewévre, 414! Lunda: River Loman, 
Pogge, 1574! River Lulua, Pogge, 1585! : 
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Kondowe to Karonga, 
2000-6000 ft., Whyte / 
Also in Sicily. . 
Var. ? Antiquorum, C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 571. 
Spikelets more or less deciduous above the two lowest (empty) glumes ; wings of Pe 
rhachilla obtuse, falling very late. Anthers not crested (the connective gg 
hardly produced at all).— C. Papyrus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,70 partly; A. Rich, Tent. . 
Abyss. ii. 480; Boeck. in Flora, 1879, 555 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. v.374; Oliver in Tran. 
Linn. Soc. xxix. 165. C. syriacus, Parl. F). Ital. ii. 48, Mém. Papyrus, 31, t. PY 
Mém. Say. Etrang. St. Pétersb xii. (1854), 501 partly, i.e. as to the Palestine plant. 
C. mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 541. P. Antiquorum, 
Willd. in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1812, 70; T. Thoms, in Speke, Nile, Append. 654. 
