396 CLVI. CYPERACEZ (CLARKE). | Mariseus. 
41. M. rufus, 17. Bb. dK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. 216, ¢.67. Glabrous, 
robust. Rhizome hardly any. Stem 1-4 ft. long, at the top trigonous 
and smooth. Leaves ? the length of the stem, }-} in. broad, very 
tough, often marked by small transverse lines, serrate-scabrous on the 
margins, and often on the keel beneath. Umbel 3-8 in. in diam., 
compound, with stout rays; bracts 4-7, similar to the leaves, lowest 
12-18 in. long. Spikes numerous, congested, long-(or short-) cylindric, 
very dense, }—} in. in diam., rufous (from pale cinnamon to a full red- 
brown). Spikelets spreading at right angles or deflexed, inflated, terete, 
normally 1 by ;1, in. with 3 nuts; not rarely (in the same spike) few 
or many spikelets grow out to 2 in. in length, barren compressed ; 
rhachilla deciduous in one piece above the two lowest empty glumes. 
Nut-bearing glumes ovate, obtuse, even in fruit adpressedly imbricate, 
¥1-15-ribbed, uniformly reddish-brown, or (ravely) the hardly-keeled 
midrib green. Nut} the length of the glume, triquetrous, suddenly 
narrowed at the top into a short acumination, chestnut-black. Style 
less than } the length of the nut ; branches 3, linear.—Kunth, Enum. 
ii. 123; C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 592; 
Durand & Schinz, Etudes FI. Congo, i. 297; Urban, Symb. Antill. 1. 
48; Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 119. Cyperus ligularis, Linn. 
Amen. Acad. v. 391, and Sp. Pl. ed. 2,70; Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 
40; Kunth, Enum. ii. 79; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 551; Boeck. in Engl. 
Gazelle Reise, Bot. 15, and in Linnea, xxxvi. 332; Ridley in Trans. 
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 142, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvil. 67; 
Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. v. 208. (©. bidentatus, Vahl, Enum. U. 
330; Kunth, Enum, ii. 62. C. rubescens, Schrader ex Steud. Syn. Pl. 
Glum. ii. 27. C. glaucoviridis, Boeck. in Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1896, 
19, 
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 442! Cape Verd, Smith! Gambia : 
Bathurst, Don! Sierra Leone, Afzelius, Vogel, 42! Liberia: Monrovia, Haeman®s 
(ex Boeckeler), Gold Coast, Burton ! Dahomey, Newton! Lagos, Millen, 219! 
Fernando Po, Barter! 
Lower Guinea. Princes Island, Welwitsch, 7037! 70378! Island of St. 
Thomas, Rattray! Moller & Quintas in Fl. Afr. Exsice, Conimbric., 121! Lower 
Congo, Smith / 
Also in Madeira, the Mascarene Islands and Tropical America. 
Var. spicatocapitatus, C. B, Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. 
v. 592. Spikelets longer, maturing 4—7 nuts, brighter, more variegated in rons 
Cyperus spicatocapitatus, Jaydin, Herbor. 7 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glam. 2. : 
C. thyrsiflorus, Boeck. in Flora, 1879, 557, and in Engl. Gazelle Reise, Bot. 15; no 
of Jungh, 
Upper Guinea. Liberia: Monrovia, Nawmann (ex Boeckeler). West Tropical 
Africa, Jardin ! 
Lower Guinea. Loango: Ponta Negra, Soyaux, 109! 
42. M. umbilensis, (. B. Clarke ex W. Watson in Gard.Chron. 1891, 
x. 190. Stem at the top triquetrous and often scabrous. Glumes su 
remote on the rhachilla; spikelets less turgid ; otherwise as I. rujvs.— 
